Tag: darwinism or theories of natural selection

Questions Related to darwinism or theories of natural selection

The theory of natural selection was given by

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. Lamarck

  2. Alfred Wallace

  3. Charles Darwin

  4. Oparin and Haldane

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The characteristics that enable enable some organism to survive better than others in the same environment, are said to be selected by nature. Darwin use the phrase 'Natural selection' for this.
So, the correct option is 'Charles Darwin'

Which one of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution?

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection

  2. Variations, constancy of population size, over-production, natural selection

  3. Overproduction, constancy of population size, variations, natural selection

  4. Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Organisms tend to increase the number of offsprings in the individual for survival in number. Then the interspecific, intraspecific, extra specific struggle for existence occurs. Then small changes occur from the parent generation to the next progenies which acts as a raw material for a source of evolution. And nature selects the useful or adaptive variation.

So, the correct answer is 'Overproduction, the constancy of population size, variations, natural selection'.

Fitness according to Darwin refers to______________.

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. Number of species in a community

  2. Useful variation in population

  3. Strength of an individual

  4. Reproductive fitness of an organism

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
According to Darwin's theory fitness refers to the Reproductive fitness of an organism because it describes the reproductive success of an individual which is measured as the number of offsprings produce by an individual with respect to specific genotype or phenotype. Fitness theory of Darwin doesn't depend on strength of an organism to survive but the ability of an organism to pass on its genetic material to its offsprings. 
So, the correct answer is 'Reproductive fitness of an organism'.

The ship used by Charles Darwin during his sea voyages was _____________.

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. HMS Beagle

  2. HSM Beagle

  3. HMS Eagle

  4. HSM Eagle

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Darwinism explains all the following except.

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. Offspring with better traits that overcome competition are best suited for the environment

  2. Variations may or may not be inherited from parents to offspring through genes

  3. Within each species, there are variations

  4. Organisms tend to produce more number of offspring than can survive

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The main drawback of Darwinism is lack of knowledge of heredity. Darwin's theory could not explain the inheritance of variations from parents to offsprings through genes.

So, the correct answer is 'Variations may or may not be inherited from parents to offspring through genes'.

Which of the following statements about natural selection are correct?
(i) Tends to increase the characters that enhance survival and reproduction
(ii) Individuals with better adaptive ability leave more progeny
(iii) Was considered as mechanism of evolution by Darwin.

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  2. (i) and (ii) only

  3. (iii) only

  4. (i) and (iii) only

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
According to Darwin those organisms who are better fit in their environment produce more number of off springs than others or we can say their reproductive rate is higher than the others. These , therefore , will survive more and hence are selected by nature. And this is the method of evolution according to him.
So, the correct option is '(I), (ii), (iii)'

Which of the following are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution?

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. Genetic drift and mutation

  2. Adaptive radiation and homology

  3. Mutation and natural selection

  4. Branching descent and natural selection

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, nature selects the fittest. Fitness is based on characteristics which are inherited. Therefore, there must be a genetic basis for getting selected and to evolve. Some organisms are better adapted to survive in an otherwise hostile environment. Adaptative ability is inherited. It has a genetic basis. Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. Therefore, branching descent (inheritance) and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwin's theory of evolution.

So, the correct answer is 'Branching descent and natural selection'.

By the statement 'survival of the fittest', Darwin meant that

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. The strongest of all species survives

  2. The most intelligent of the species survives

  3. The cleverest of the species survives

  4. The species most adaptable to changes survives

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The organisms which are provided with favorable variations would survive, because they are the fittest to face their surroundings, while the unfit are eliminated. Originally it was an idea of Herbert Spencer $(1820 - 1903)$ who used the phrase 'the survival of the fittest' first time. While Darwin named it as natural selection.
So, the correct answer is 'The species most adaptable to changes survives'.

Which of the following are necessary for evolution by natural selection to take place?
(i) Offspring resemble their parents more than other individuals in the population.
(ii) Differences among individuals exist and lead to different numbers of successful offspring being produced.
(iii) Individuals adjust their development depending on the environment
(iv) Every individual possess enormous fertility.

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (iii) only

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The theory of natural selection was proposed by Charles Darwin. It states that Natural selection is the process where organisms with favourable traits are more likely to reproduce. In doing so, they pass on these traits to the next generation. Over time this process allows organisms to adapt to their environment. Features which are necessary for evolution by natural selection to take place are 

a) Differences among individuals exist and lead to different numbers of successful offspring being produced.

b) Every individual possesses enormous fertility.
So, the correct answer is '(ii) and (iv)'

The diversity in the type of beaks of finches adapted to different feeding habits on the Galapagos Islands, as observed by Darwin, provides evidence for

biology evolution of life darwinism or theories of natural selection darwin's theory of evolution theories of evolution

  1. Intraspecific competition

  2. Interspecific competition

  3. Origin of species by natural selection

  4. Origin of species by mutation

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Darwin during his famous voyage, observed that finches from various Islands of Galapagos had beaks of different sizes and shapes. He observed that this was due to adaptation to different available food types. He concluded that the ancestral finches on reaching different islands occupied all empty ecological niches in absence of competition and evolved into different species. This provides evidences for origin of species by natural selection.

So, the correct answer is 'Origin of species by natural selection'.