Tag: regulation of urine formation

Questions Related to regulation of urine formation

Endocrine structure of kidney is 

zoology control and coordination in living organisms regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Cortex

  2. Medulla

  3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

  4. Pelvis

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a type of endocrine organ that is small in size, located within kidneys and helps in the regulating the function of nephrons. This is mainly  involved in the secretion of renin and erythropoietin in response to changes in the renal blood pressure or blood flow. 

Vasopressin is related with the concentration of urine.

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Vasopressin causes resorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules and thereby reduces the loss of water through urine (diuresis) making urine concentrated. Hence, it is also called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
So, the correct option is 'True'.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation ?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. When someone drinks lot of water, ADH release is suppressed

  2. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release

  3. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin II

  4. During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation the release of ADH is suppressed

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

When someone drinks lot of water which is excess amount for his body, as a result osmolarity of the blood will decreases.The decrease in osmolarity will suppress the release of ADH. Correct option is (A).

Reabsorption of water in the nephron is controlled by ADH and aldosterone hormone.

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
ADH facilitates water reabsorption from latter parts of the tubule, thereby preventing diuresis. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. Hence, both ADH and aldosterone control reabsorption of water in the nephron.
So, the correct option is 'True'.

Hormone which adsorbs water from renal tubule

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucangon

  3. ADH

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary glands. It absorbs water from renal tubule thereby conserving water in our body. It constantly regulates and balances the water level of the body. Osmotic sensors and baroreceptors join with ADH in water metabolism.

Insulin helps to control blood glucose level whereas glucagon works to increase the sugar level in the bloodstream. 
So, the correct answer is 'ADH'.

ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
ADH or antidiuretic hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland). ADH increases the reabsorption of water from the urine in the renal system back into the blood. Thus ADH conserves water in the kidneys and returns that fluid back to the general circulation. 
So the correct answer is 'False'.

Urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Tasteless and thick

  2. Sweet and thick

  3. Tasteless and watery

  4. Sweet and watery

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when a person's kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid dilute and odourless.
  • People with diabetes insipidus have normal blood glucose levels; however, their kidneys cannot balance fluid in the body. 
  • Hence, the Urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is Tasteless and watery.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Tasteless and watery'.

Even in presence of hormone ADH, maximum water is reabsorbed in?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Proximal convoluted tubule

  2. Distal convoluted tubule

  3. Both DCT and collecting tubule

  4. Loop pf Henle

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Over 180 liters of urine is produced in the human body every day. Out of this, only 1.5 liters is actually excreted. This means that 99% of the urine produced is reabsorbed in the body. Various solutes are absorbed in different parts of the renal tubule. Maximum water absorption takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule. 

So, the correct answer is 'Proximal convoluted tubule'.

Which of the following is involved in reabsorption of water in kidney?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. ADH

  2. PRL

  3. LH

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Antidiuretic hormone or ADH ( also known as vasopressin ) is involved in reabsorption of water in kidney. Antidiuretic hormone binds to receptors on cells in the collecting ducts of the kidney and promotes reabsorption of water back into the circulation. In the absense of antidiuretic hormone, the collecting ducts are virtually impermiable to water, and it flows out as urine.

Antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorbtion by stimulating insertion of "water channels" or aquaporins into the membranes of kidney tubules. These channels transport solute-free water through tubular cells and back into blood, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolarity and an increase osmolarity of urine.
So, the correct option is 'ADH'.

Which of the following is a powerful vasconstrictor that increases the glomerular blood pressure and there the GFR?

zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

  1. Renin

  2. Angiotensin-II

  3. Aidosterone

  4. ANF

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration. A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin which converts angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. Angiotensin II also activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na$^+$ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR. This complex mechanism is generally known as the Renin-Angiotensin mechanism.
So, the correct option is 'Angiotensin-II'.