Tag: adrenal gland

Questions Related to adrenal gland

The secretion of aldosterone by adrenal cortex is directly controlled by

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Plasma $K^{+}$ concentration

  2. Plasma Ca concentration

  3. Level of blood angiotensin

  4. Both A and C

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Correct Option: A

Which gland does not originate from embryonic endoderm?

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Thymus

  2. Parathyroid

  3. Adrenal cortex

  4. Thyroid

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The endoderm gives rise to the epithelium of the pharynx, including the eustachian tube, the tonsils, the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and thymus gland; the larynx, trachea, and lungs; the gastrointestinal tract (except mouth and anus), the urinary bladder, the vagina (in females) and the urethra. The adrenal glands develop from two separate embryological tissues; the neural crest ectoderm and the intermediate mesoderm.

Adrenal cortex also controls the carbohydrate metabolism through

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Noradrenaline

  3. Glucocorticoids

  4. Mineralocorticoids

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The adrenal cortex is located on the outer layer of the adrenal gland and makes different hormones, that help control the heart, kidneys, GI tract, bones, genitalia and immune system. 

These hormones control carbohydrate metabolism, muscular integrity, haemodynamic changes and sexual maturity. The cortex makes glucocorticoids, which are hormones, that control glucose production in the liver and protein breakdown in muscle. 

Retention of sodium in body depends upon hormone from

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Adrenal cortex

  2. Adrenal medulla

  3. Parathyroid

  4. Thyroid

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid) produced by the outer section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. Aldosterone promotes sodium ($Na^+$) and water retention and lowers plasma potassium ($K^+$) concentration.

Conn's disease is due to 

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Hyposecretion of aldosterone

  2. Hypersecretion of aldosterone

  3. Hyposecretion of STH

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Conn's syndrome is a condition associated with the development of high blood pressure and low potassium levels in the blood. In the majority of patients a small tumour is found in the adrenal cortex. Excess production of aldosterone by the tumour leads to the development of Conn's syndrome with high blood pressure and low potassium levels. In a small group of patients abnormal function of the adrenal cortex from a condition called as adrenal hyperplasia, may give rise to the Conn's syndrome.

A steroid hormone which regulates glucose metabolism is 

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. 11-deoxycorticosterone

  2. Cortisone

  3. Cortisol

  4. Corticosterone

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Cortisol or glucocorticoid hormone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucose. Its functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis and to aid the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrate. 

Reabsorption of Na$^+$ is controlled by which one of the following hormones ?

zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Oestrogen

  3. Glucocorticoids

  4. Testosterone

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Renal reabsorption of sodium ($Na^+$) uses Na-H antiport, sodium-glucose symport, sodium ion channels (minor). It is stimulated by angiotensin II and aldosterone, and inhibited by atrial natriuretic peptide.

Which of the following is incorrect about adrenal glands?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. It secretes hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood.

  2. It secretes hormones which maintain the sugar balance in the blood

  3. It is under the control of pituitary gland

  4. It helps the body to adjust to stress.

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It does not secrets hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood. It secretes hormones which helps to maintain the body's salt and water level, regulates blood pressure.

Name the hormone released during the following events$:$
A frightened person

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Testosterone

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Growth hormone

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Adrenaline is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, the output of the heart, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals and some single cell organisms. Hence, the hormone released by a frightened person is Adrenaline.
So, the correct answer is 'Adrenaline'.

Our body retains NaCl, during the periods of excessive heat. Which of the following triggers this action?

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Progesterone

  3. ACTH

  4. Epinephrine

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Body fluid volume disturbances involve an imbalance of intake and loss.
  • Aldosterone plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) levels.
  •  It does so primarily by acting on the mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron.
  •  It influences the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium of the kidney, thereby indirectly influencing water retention or loss, blood pressure and blood volume.
  •  When dysregulated, aldosterone is pathogenic and contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular and renal disease. Aldosterone has exactly the opposite function of the atrial natriuretic hormone secreted by the heart. Hence, Our body retains NaCl, during the periods of excessive heat and aldosterone triggers this action.
So, the correct answer is 'Aldosterone'.