Tag: concepts of evolution

Questions Related to concepts of evolution

Which of the following isotopes is used for finding the fossil age maximum about $35,0000$ years?

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. $^{238}U$

  2. $^{14}C$

  3. $^{3}H$

  4. ${206}Pb$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Half life of carbon-14 is approx. 5730 years, hence it can be used to determine the age of fossil upto 70,000 years.
Half life of U-238 is 4.5 billion years .
So, the correct option is '238U'

Which statement is correct?

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. Lamarck theory - Struggle for existence

  2. Darwin theory - Use and disuse of organ

  3. Biogentic law - Recapitulation theory

  4. Lamarck theory - Theory of continuity of germplasm

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Few fossils of man like bones have been discovered in Ethiopia and Tanzania about 2 - 4mya, they were probably not taller than 4 feet but walked up right. It is related with:

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. Ramapithecus.

  2. Australopithecus.

  3. Dryopithecus.

  4. Homo habilis.

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Read the following statements about fossilization:
(i) Animals and plants get fossilised and preserved in volcanic ash.

(ii) Replacement of organic parts by mineral decomposition is called Petrification which occurs only of hard parts, e.g. bones.

(iii) Casts are prints of leaves, stem, etc in soft mud which become fossilised.

(iv) Fossils present in the upper strata of earth are older than those present in lower strata. Of the above statements:

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. (i) and (ii) are incorrect.

  2. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are incorrect.

  3. (ii) and (iv) are correct.

  4. (iii) and (iv) are incorrect.

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Which of these is not a living fossil?

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. Archaeopteryx

  2. Duck-billed platypus

  3. Lungfish

  4. Frog

Show answer
Correct Option: A

If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of earth, then we can predict that 

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. The extinction of organism has occurred recently.

  2. The extinction of organism has occurred thousand years ago.

  3. The fossil position in the layers of Earth is not related to its time of extinction.

  4. Time of extinction cannot be determined.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of Earth then it can be predicted that the extinction of organism has occurred thousand years ago.

Fossils are a part of sedimentary layers which contains dead and decayed remains which contain the remains in each stratum.

When animals, plants and other organisms die, they typically decay completely. But sometimes, when the conditions are just right, they're preserved as fossils.
Several different physical and chemical processes create fossils.
Freezing, drying and encasement, such as in tar or resin, can create whole-body fossils that preserve bodily tissues. These fossils represent the organisms as they were when living, but they're very rare. Most organisms become fossils when they're changed through various other means.
The heat and pressure from being buried in sediment can sometimes cause the tissues of organisms including plant leaves and the soft body parts of fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates to release hydrogen and oxygen, leaving behind a residue of carbon. This process which is called as carbonization or distillation yields a detailed carbon impression of the dead organism in sedimentary rock. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Age of fossils can be detected by

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. Residual quantity of calcium

  2. Quantity of radioactive carbon compound

  3. Phylum of other mammals

  4. Structure of bones

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The dead and decomposing matter in the soil gets suppressed in the lower strata of the soil which turn into fossils due to pressure and temperature in the lower strata of the earth crust. Age of fossils can be detected by the quantity of radioactive carbon compound. Radiocarbon dating is used for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon (14C), a radioactive isotope of carbon. 

The radiocarbon dating method is based on the fact that radiocarbon is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen. The resulting radiocarbon combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire 14C by eating the plants. When the animal or plant dies, it stops exchanging carbon with its environment, and from that point onwards the amount of 14C it contains begins to reduce as the 14C undergoes radioactive decay. Measuring the amount of 14C in a sample from a dead plant or animal such as piece of wood or a fragment of bone provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died. The older a sample is, the less 14C there is to be detected, and because the half-life of 14C (the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed) is about 5,730 years, the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by radiocarbon dating are around 50,000 years ago, although special preparation methods occasionally permit dating of older samples.
So, the correct answer is option B.

The richest source of fossils is

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. Basalt

  2. Granite

  3. Lava

  4. Sedimentary rock

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fossils are organic products which are conserved in the Earth's crust. This means that the fossil is usually formed on or under the Earth's surface or under the water. In other words in the biosphere (think about the biosphere limits). Then this organic material is covered by debris and etc. and becomes the fossil material. The sedimentary rocks are the one type which can contain fossils because these rocks are formed on the Earth surface, under the water etc. In other words, the biosphere can only interact with the sediments. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

If the fossil of an organism is found in deep layers of earth, then we can predict that

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. The organism became extinct recently

  2. The extinction of organism occurred years back

  3. The time of extinction is not related to layers of earth

  4. Cannot be determined

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Fossils are remains of dead plants and animals. When plants and animals die, their bodies are buried inside the soil. the older the fossils, earlier they must have been buried inside. Year after, many bodies must have got deposited over them. So deeper the fossil layer, older it must have been.

So, option B "The extinction of organism occurred years back" is the correct answer.

Reptilian feature of Archaeopteryx is

biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

  1. U-shaped furcula

  2. Presence of abdominal ribs

  3. Feathers with barbules

  4. Presence of a beak

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Archeopteryx is a connecting link between reptiles and aves. It has large wings, and hollow bones like aves, and tail and legs like a dinosaur. Apart from these reptilian features, they also have abdominal ribs resembling reptiles. 

So, option B is the correct answer.