Tag: biotechnology: general introduction

Questions Related to biotechnology: general introduction

Which of the following can be classified as recognition transduction component of a biosensor?

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Amplifiers

  2. Bioreceptors

  3. Transducer

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector. A biosensor typically consists of a biorecognition component, biotransducer component, and electronic system which include a signal amplifier, processor, and display. The transducer transforms the signal resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological element into another signal that can be more easily measured and quantified.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Tissues are used as a biosensor because

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Available at low prices

  2. Easier to immobilise

  3. Cofactors for the enzyme to function are already present

  4. All of the above

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Tissues are used as a biosensor because of following advantages:
  • They are easier to immobilize.
  • They maintain high stability hence not degraded by various enzymes.
  • They are available at low prices.
  • Process of extraction, centrifuge and purification of enzymes can be avoided.
  • They are necessary co-factors.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following are squares of glass, smallest than the smallest postage stamp

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Biochip

  2. Proteomics

  3. Forensic technologies

  4. None

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biochips are squares of glass, smaller than smallest postage stamp, covered with millions of DNA strand. Biochip is a tool allowing rapid screening of gene profile to detect genes. They are called gene microarrays. A biochip contains all known human genes.

Is a tool allowing rapid screening of gene profile to detect genes.

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Biochip

  2. Proteomics

  3. Forensic technologies

  4. None

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Biochips are squares of glass, smaller than smallest postage stamp, covered with millions of DNA strand.

Arrange the following parts of a biosensor in chronological order.

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. A) Bioreceptors, Transducer, Amplifier, Microelectronics

  2. B) Bioreceptors, Amplifier, Microelectronics, Transducer

  3. C) Transducer, Bioreceptors, Amplifier, Microelectronics

  4. D) Bioreceptors, Amplifier, Microelectronics, Transducer

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A biosensor typically consists of a biorecognition component, biotransducer component, and electronic system which include a signal amplifier, processor, and display. The bioreceptor is designed to interact with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect measurable by the transducer. High selectivity for the analyte among a matrix of other chemical or biological components is a key requirement of the bioreceptor and it uses biomolecules from organisms or receptors modelled after biological systems to interact with the analyte of interest. This interaction is measured by the biotransducer which outputs a measurable signal proportional to the presence of the target analyte in the sample.
So, the correct answer is option A.

The type of bio transducer used in the biosensors are ___________.

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Electrochemical biosensors

  2. Piezoelectric biosensors

  3. Pyroelectric biosensors

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The type of transducer used in the sensors are 


D) All of the above

i.e electrochemical, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, optical, amperometric biosensors.

The amperometric transducers used in biosensors is used to detect _________________.

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Change in current during electrochemical oxidation or reduction

  2. Change in conductive properties of the sample solution

  3. Change in potential proportional to the concentration of analyte

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Amperometric transducers detect change in current as a result of electrochemical oxidation or reduction. 

Typically, the bioreceptor molecule is immobilized on the working electrode commonly gold, carbon, or platinum. 
The current produced is a direct measure of the rate of electron transfer.

The commercial blood glucose biosensor uses which of the following enzymes?

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Glucokinase

  2. Glucose oxidase

  3. Phosphofructokinase

  4. Glycosidases

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Glucose oxidase is widely used for the determination of free glucose in body fluids and in the food industry. It also has many applications and typically enzyme assays for biochemistry including biosensors. 

The biological content which acts as a sensor in biosensor can be __________.

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. Nucleic acid

  2. Plant proteins

  3. Lectins

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The biological component of biosensor can be divided into two distinct groups, i.e., catalytic and non-catalytic.
  •  The catalytic group includes enzymes, microorganisms and tissues, while the non-catalytic consists of antibodies, receptors, nucleic acids and some proteins such as lectins etc. 
  • The recognition process is based on the principle of complementary base  pairing adenine:thymine and cytosine:guanine in DNA. 
  • If the target nucleic acid sequence is known,complementary sequences can be synthesized, labelled, and then immobilized on the sensor.
  • The most important applications of lectin-based biosensors are in the field of medicine and therapeutics. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

Why are enzymes considered as a good bioreceptors for biosensors?

zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

  1. They have specific binding capabilities

  2. They have good catalytic power

  3. They can detect analytes

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Bioreceptor interacts with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect which is measured by the transducer. The main reasons for the common use of enzymes in biosensors are:

  • Ability to catalyze a large number of reactions;
  • Potential to detect a group of analytes such as substrates, products, inhibitors, and modulators of the catalytic activity and
  • Suitability with several different transduction methods for detecting the analyte
So, the correct answer is option D.