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Water borne diseases - class-VII

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The pathogen transmitted through female mosquito causing chronic inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs in man is__________

  1. Ascaris sp.

  2. E. histolytica

  3. Streptococcus pneumoniae

  4. W. malayi


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

W.malayi also called as brugia malayi are the important agents of bancroftian and brugian(it is sometimes referred to as Malayan)filariasis. In contrast to many other mosquito-borne infections of medical significance, lymphatic filariae are transmitted by not just one but by several genera of mosquitoes.

So, the correct option is 'W.malayi'.

The mouth parts of Anopheles are adapted to

  1. Biting and chewing type feeding

  2. Piercing and sucking type feeding

  3. Chewing type feeding

  4. Sucking type feeding


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Female mosquito have mouthparts that pierce food items to enable sucking of internal fluids. In female mosquitoes, all mouthparts are elongated. The labium encloses all other mouthparts like a sheath. The labrum forms the main feeding tube, through which blood is sucked. Paired mandibles and maxillae are present, together forming the stylet, which is used to pierce an animal's skin. During piercing, the labium remains outside the food item's skin, folding away from the stylet. Saliva containing anticoagulants, is injected into the food item and blood sucked out, each through different tubes.

So, the correct option is B. ( Piercing and Sucking type )

Which state of Plasmodium is infective for mosquito?

  1. Sporozoite

  2. Ookinete

  3. Trophozoite

  4. Gametocyte


Correct Option: A

The difference between Culex and Anopheles is

  1. Culex sits antiparallel to the substratum

  2. Anopheles sits at an angle to the substratum

  3. Anopheles sits parallel to the substartum

  4. Culex sits at an angle to the substratum


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Culex causes filariasis, bird malaria. Its body rests parallel to the surface or substratum. Whereas Anopheles causes malaria. The body is slender and rests at an angle to the surface or substratum.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Spread of Malaria can be best controlled by ______________.

  1. Killing adult mosquito only.

  2. Proper medical treatment only.

  3. Making the mosquito breeding places unsuitable for completion of life-cycle.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A malaria control method that targets mosquito larvae and pupae as they mature in standing water could be an important supplementary measure in the fight against the disease. Larval source management (LSM) is a method that targets immature mosquitoes, found in standing water before the females develop into flying adults that are capable of transmitting malaria. This is done by permanently removing standing water, for example by draining or filling land; making temporary changes to mosquito habitats to disrupt breeding, for example by clearing drains to make the water flow; or larviciding by adding chemicals or biological larvicides to standing water to kill larvae.

The parasite which has been recently eradicated from India is?

  1. Leishmania donovani

  2. Dracunculus medinensis

  3. Toxoplasma gondii

  4. Taenia solium


Correct Option: A

Which among the following is anti-malaria?

  1. Phenol

  2. Quinine

  3. Salol

  4. Aspirin


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Quinine and other cinchona alkaloids including quinidine and cinchonine are effective against malaria.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Quinine'.

Female Anopheles mosquito cannot transmit elephantiasis because 

  1. Filarial worms (microfilaria) do not enter Anopheles mosquito.

  2. Microfilaria worms are digested in the gut of Anopheles.

  3. Anopheles mosquito does not bite humans suffering from filariasis.

  4. Mouth part of Anopheles mosquito are not compatible to microfilaria.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Female Anopheles mosquito is a vector of the parasite called Plasmodium that causes malaria. Female Anopheles mosquito picks up the parasite from infected people when they bite to obtain blood needed to nurture their eggs. It cannot transmit elephantiasis because the filarial worms like wuchararia do not enter Anopheles mosquito.
So the correct answer is 'filarial worms (microfilaria) do not enter Anopheles mosquito'.

Fish which eradicates mosquito larvae is

  1. Rohu

  2. Anabas

  3. Clarius

  4. Gambusia


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is a species of freshwater fish, also known commonly as simply mosquitofish. Mosquitofish were introduced directly into ecosystems in many parts of the world as a biocontrol to lower mosquito populations, which in turn negatively affected many other species in each distinct bioregion. Based on diet, mosquitofish are classified as larvivorous fish. Their diet consists of zooplankton, small insects and insect larvae, and detritus material. Mosquitofish feed on mosquito larvae at all stages of life. Adult females can consume hundreds of mosquito larvae in one day.

Which stage of Plasmodium is infective for Mosquito

  1. Trophozoite

  2. Gametocyte

  3. Ookinete

  4. Sporozoite


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Gametocyte is infective stage for female anopheles mosquito because optimum temperature for growth of gametocyte is present in their body.

Motile elongate zygote of Plasmodium occurs in

  1. Human RBCs

  2. Human liver

  3. Salivary glands of mosquito (Anopheles)

  4. Gut of mosquito (Anopheles)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The motile zygote formed by fertilization of macro gameteby a micro gameteis called ooKinete. It  occurs in gut of mosquito. 

We should not allow mosquitoes to breed in our surroundings because they

  1. Multiply very fast and contaminate food

  2. Are vectors for many diseases.

  3. Bite and cause skin diseases.

  4. Are not important insects.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mosquitoes cause more human suffering than any other organism. Mosquito acts as a vector for the bacteria and viruses, responsible for the diseases such as malaria, dengue, encephalitis and yellow fever etc. When mosquito bites a human it causes severe skin irritation through an allergic reaction to the mosquito's saliva, this is what causes the red bump and itching.

Vector of malarial parasite is____________.

  1. Male Culex

  2. Female Anopheles

  3. Female Aedes

  4. Female Culex


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, called "malaria vectors."

So, the correct answer is 'Female Anopheles'.

Which of the following pair is correct?

  1. E. Coli - parasitic

  2. Culex - elephantiasis

  3. Bed bug - kala-azar

  4. Plasmodium - sleeping sickness


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Elephantiasis is painful, swelling of the legs and genital organs. It is a classic sign of late-stage disease. It is caused by Culex mosquito which carries filarial worms. 
E.coli lives in our intestine and it is not parasitic.
Kala-azar is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies.
Sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei.
So the correct option is 'Culex- elephantiasis'.

State whether the following statements are true or false.
Malaria is caused by female anopheles.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The causative agent of malaria is Plasmodium vivax and female anopheles act as a vector. 

So, the correct option is 'False'.

Female Anopheles mosquito is carrier of a pathogen that causes

  1. malaria

  2. dengue

  3. yellow fever

  4. filariasis.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in the human body by malarial parasite Plasmodium. Malarial parasite is carried from the infected to the healthy persons by the female Anopheles mosquito.

What is common in both Culex and Anopheles?

  1. Both sit obliquely while resting on a plane

  2. Both have dark spotted wings

  3. Both have three pairs of legs, last pair is held up in the air while sitting

  4. Both lay eggs in rafts


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Culex is a genus of mosquitoes which carries worms of filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and avian malaria. 
Anopheles is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818. About 460 species are recognized, while over 100 can transmit human malaria. Both Culex and Anopheles have three pairs of legs, the last pair is held up in the air while sitting. 

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
In the malarial parasite, oocyst is formed in the:

  1. erythrocytes of man

  2. liver cells of man

  3. stomach wall of the female mosquito

  4. blood of the female mosquito


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The female Anopheles mosquito, when it withdraws blood the infected malarial patient, the male and female gametes enter into the mosquito gut, when the two male and female gametes fuse together and form a zygote, which develops into ookinetes that burrow into the mosquito midgut wall to develop into oocysts.

So, the correct option is 'stomach wall of the female mosquito'.

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The vector of sleeping sickness is:

  1. house fly

  2. sand fly

  3. mosquito

  4. tsetse fly


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are the two parasites causes sleeping sickness. Tsetse flies which acts as a carrier of the infection. 

So, the correct option is 'tsetse fly'.

Mosquito larvae can be prevented to grow in ponds$/$ rice fields by inoculating them with

  1. Microcystis

  2. Aphanizomenon

  3. Oscillatoria

  4. Aulosira


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are different ways to prevent mosquito larvae to grow in ponds and rice fields. These can be done by not allowing the water to get stagnant. Also, it can be prevented by inoculating it with Microcystis cyanobacteria. Microcystis aeruginosa causes death of the larvae by producing neurotoxins and hepatotoxins.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Microcystis.'

When domestic sewage mixes with river water

  1. Small animals like rats will die after drinking river - water

  2. The increased microbial. activity releases micronutrients such as iron

  3. The increased microbial activity uses up dissolved oxygen

  4. The river water is still suitable for drinking as impurities are only about 0.1%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidized by bacteria. The BOD test measures the rate of update of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water and thus, indirectly BOD is the measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of wastewater more is its polluting potential. 

So, the correct answer is 'Small animals like rats will die after drinking river - water'.

Larger amount of dissolved oxygen in water, faster will be

  1. Turbidity

  2. Reaeration

  3. Self Purification

  4. Currents


Correct Option: C

Match the following items in column I with column II and choose the correct answer

 Column I  Column II
 A. Arsenic  1. Minamata disease
 B. Nitrate  2. Itai-itai
 C. Mecury  3. Blue-baby syndrome
 D. Cadmium  4. Skeletal fluorosis
 E. Fluoride  5. Black-foot disease

  1. A-2, B-3, C-5, D-1, E-4

  2. A-5, B-3, C-1, D-2, E-4

  3. A-3, B-4, C-5, D-1, E-2

  4. A-5, B-4, C-3, D-2, E-1

  5. A-2, B-5, C-4, D-3, E-1


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Minamata disease is caused by mercury poisoning. It results in numbness, muscles weakness, loss of hearing, speech and reduces vision. 

Itai- Itai is the disease caused by cadmium poisoning. The victim feels pain in spines and joints. 
The blue baby syndrome also called as methemoglobinemia. It results in the mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood due to non-closer of foramen ovale of heart. It results due high quantity of nitrate in water. 
Black foot disease is caused by consumption of contaminated water having a high quantity of arsenic. 
Skeletal fluorosis is a bone and joint disease caused by prolonged exposer to fluoride. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Black-foot disease is caused due to groundwater contaminated with the excess amount of

  1. Nitrate

  2. Fluoride

  3. Arsenic

  4. Sulphur

  5. Mercury


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Arsenic comes from bedrock as well as surface leaching. Chronic exposure leads to repeated diarrhoea, peripheral neuritis, hyperkeratosis, transverse striations on fingernails, peripheral vascular insufficiency, vasospasm, hyperpigmentation leading to 'Black Foot Disease', lung inflammation, skin and lung cancer.

Sanitation at public places can be maintained by

  1. Proper drainage.

  2. Garbage management.

  3. Sufficient public toilet facilities.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human wastes and sewage. Preventing human contact with feces is part of sanitation.
  • Sanitation at public places can be maintained by Proper drainage,Garbage management and Sufficient public toilet facilities.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.

The disease caused due to improper sanitation in public place is

  1. Pandemic.

  2. Non-communicable.

  3. Endemic.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • An endemic disease is a disease that exists permanently in a particular region or population. Poor sanitation is linked to transmission of some endemic diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio
  • Hence the disease caused due to improper sanitation in public place is endemic diseases.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Endemic'.

A disease can spread from one person to population by

  1. Improper sanitation in public places.

  2. Improper sanitation in home.

  3. Sharing of food.

  4. Sharing of water bottle.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • A disease can spread from one person to population by improper sanitation in public places because many disease-causing organisms can survive on the surface of the improperly sanitized public toilet seat, and for an infection to occur, the germs(bacteria, virus) would have to be transferred from the toilet seat to your urethral or genital tract, or through a cut or sore on the buttocks or thighs, which is possible.
  • Hence A disease can spread from one person to population by improper sanitation in public places.
  • So, the correct answer is 'improper sanitation in public places'.

Disease caused due to poor sanitation is

  1. Cancer.

  2. Typhoid.

  3. Polio.

  4. Both B and C.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human wastes and sewage. Preventing human contact with feces is part of sanitation.
  • Poor sanitation is linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio because these diseases can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route when food or water is contaminated.
  • Hence Disease caused due to poor sanitation is typhoid and polio.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Atul is traveling from Mumbai to Nagpur by train, in between, he felt uneasy because

  1. He used an improperly sanitized public toilet.

  2. He used the properly sanitized public toilet.

  3. He was already sick.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
  • Many disease-causing organisms can survive on the surface of the improperly sanitized public toilet seat, and for an infection to occur, the germs(bacteria, virus) would have to be transferred from the toilet seat to your urethral or genital tract, or through a cut or sore on the buttocks or thighs, which is possible.
  • Hence when Atul is traveling from Mumbai to Nagpur by train, in between, he felt uneasy because he used an improperly sanitized public toilet.
  • So, the correct answer is 'He used an improperly sanitized public toilet'.

What causes water borne diseases?

  1. Bacteria and viruses

  2. Cat

  3. Rat

  4. Cow


Correct Option: A

Disease/disorder caused due to lead poisoning is

  1. Typhoid

  2. Tetanus

  3. Malaria

  4. Anemia


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lead poisoning can lead to fatal diseases one including anaemia. Lead inhibits certain enzymes required for the synthesis of heme molecule. Heme is an integral part of haemoglobin of the RBCs. It carries oxygen in the body and provides to the cells for aerobic respiration. Lead poisoning indirectly leads to the loss of oxygen-carrying capacity of the RBCs and in turn can be fatal. So, the correct answer is option D.

Black-foot disease is caused due to ground water contaminated with excess of

  1. Nitrate

  2. Fluoride

  3. Arsenic

  4. Sulphur

  5. Mercury


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The Blackfoot disease affects the peripheral vascular system. It is endemic in nature. It is associated with the consumption of inorganic arsenic from the artesian wells. Arsenicosis is caused by exposure over a period of time to arsenic in drinking water. Arsenic contamination in water may also be due to industrial processes, such as those involved in mining, metal refining, and timber treatment. WHO's guideline value for arsenic in drinking water is 0.01 mg /litre.

So, the correct answer is option C.

________ is toxic substance getting mixed with ground water.

  1. Endosulfan

  2. Sodium bicarbonate

  3. Hydrogen sulphide

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Endosulfan is a water insoluble chemical that seeps inside the soil and gets mixed with around water. Due to this around water gets polluted.

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