Tag: society and culture in ancient tamizhagam: the sangam age

Neolithic people perhaps devised the first pottery after the Ice Age ended, when humans turned from hunter-gathering to farming and animal husbandry.

Mahmud Gawan was a scholar and also a great administrator. The Sultanate reached the peak during Gawan's ministry. Gawan improved the administration, organized finances, encouraged public education and reformed revenue system. The death of Mahmud Gawan in 1481 marked the decline of the Bahamani kingdom. Muhammad Shah was followed by his son Mahmud Shah II and during his reign, five governors declared their independence. 

By 1527 AD, the Bahamani kingdom had disintegrated into 5 independent kingdoms. They were Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Berar, Golkonda, and Bidar and known as Deccan Sultanates. Out of its fragments, five independent Muhammadan kingdoms in Deccan were formed. These were -The Adil Shah Dynasty, The Kutub Shahi Dynasty, The Nizam Shahi Dynasty, The Imad Shahi Dynasty, and The Barid Shahi Dynasty.

The Neolithic people used polished stone axes called celts which were used to fell trees or shape wood.

• Microlith are stone artifacts of small size.
• They are usually made of flint or chert and were about a centimeter long and half a centimeter wide.

Lunates are tools in the shape of crescent which were sometimes used to harvest grass.

Lith is defined as related to a rock or stone.

• Evidence of Neolithic village is found at Paiyampalli in the Vellore district. 
• The Neolithic settlers at Paiyampalli used to cultivate cereals and pulses.

The cultural period that succeeded the Neolithic is called Copper Age and it lasted about 4500 BC- 3500 BC