Tag: ground tissue system

Parenchyma is a versatile ground tissue that generally constitutes the "filler" tissue in soft parts of plants. It forms, among other things, the cortex and pith of stems, the cortex of roots, the mesophyll of leaves, the pulp of fruits, and the endosperm of seeds. Parenchyma cells are living cells and may remain meristematic at maturity—meaning that they are capable of cell division if stimulated. They have thin and flexible cellulose cell walls, and are generally polyhedral when close-packed, but can be roughly spherical when isolated from their neighbours. They have large central vacuoles, which allow the cells to store and regulate ions, waste products, and water. Tissue specialised for food storage is commonly formed of parenchyma cells.

Laticiferous vessels are the specialized thin walled parenchymatous cells that secrete latex and are found in the cortex. They lack pits and are composed of cellulose and hemicelluloses and serve to secrete latex. 

Ground tissue includes all tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles. The ground tissue comprises the bulk of the primary plant body. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells are common in the ground tissue.

On the basis of location and function, three main tissue systems are found in plants, dermal, vascular, and ground tissue. Dermal tissue is composed of epidermal cells, closely packed cells that secrete a waxy cuticle that aids in the prevention of water loss. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. The three types of ground tissue, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma, function in photosynthesis, storage, regeneration, support, and protection.

The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. It can be divided into three types parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Cortex is composed of thin-walled parenchymal cells. The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis and is the outer most part of the style of plants.

Medullary ray is a band of parenchyma in the secondary xylem extending into the secondary phloem of the stems of certain vascular plants, formed by the cambium and helps for the storage of food and conduction of nutrients. it helps in the gaseous exchange through the intercellular spaces.

• The roots that arise horizontally from the primary roots which provide anchorage to the plants and fixes it into the soil. 
• These roots help in the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil which is required for the growth and development of the plants.
  
• They are endogenous in nature as it is developed from the cells of the pericycle which become meristematic and undergoes periclinal (parallel to the surface of a part) and anticlinal (right angles to the surface) division.
• So, the correct answer is 'Pericycle'.

• Passage cells are also known as transfusion cells.
• They are thin-walled cells which lack suberin and are found in the endodermis (is the central innermost layer of the cortex) of vascular plants (plants which consist of vascular tissues i.e, xylem and phloem).
• They are located opposite the protoxylem strands or elements.
• They are found in the endodermis of dicots.
• So, the correct answer is 'Protoxylem elements'.