Tag: sexual reproduction in flowering plants

Rhizomes (eg., Ginger), tubers (eg., Potato) and corms (eg., Colocasia) are underground storage stems which can be used for vegetative propagation.  Prefix "Allo" means different hence transfer of pollen from one flower to stigma of another flower is called allogamy. It is compulsory in unisexual flower but may also occur in bisexual flowers.

Apomixis is a process of asexual method of seed formation in which embryo develops from maternal tissues of the ovule without the processes of meiosis and gametogenesis. It is seen in higher plants. It conserves the genetic structure of plants. Heterosis can be maintained permanently in crop plants by this process. 

The movement of pollen tube towards embryosac though style is chemotactic as it secrets pectinases and other hydrolytic enzymes to create a passage for its entry into style .

12, 36, 24; because pollen grains are haploid while endosperm has triploid chromosome number and integument is diploid in nature.

In porogamy, filiform apparatus of synergids secretes, some chemotropically active sunstances, which direct the pollen tube towards micropyle of ovule.

This type of tapetum can be seen easily in Alisma, Butomus, Tradescantia, and Typha, etc. The tapetal cells fuse among themselves for forming a tapetal plasmodium. The protoplast of the fused tapetal cells then moves into the locule, where they surround the pollen mother cells or pollen grains. This protoplast movement into the locule is taking place during meiotic prophase. 

Thus the correct answer is option D.

The pollen wall actually is the multi-layered structure that includes an intine, which is composed mainly of polysaccharide, and an exine, which consists mainly of sporopollenin. The exine can be further divided into the sexine and nexine. Sexine is the single layer of bacula which is covered by a layer of the tectum.

So the correct answer is C.