Tag: independent india (the first 30 years - 1947-77)

A subsidy is a benefit given by the government to groups or individuals, usually in the form of a cash payment or a tax reduction. The subsidy  is typically given to remove some type of burden, and it is often considered to be in the overall interest of the public.

Green Revolution referred to the increase in the production of food grains as a result of using HYV (high yielding variety of seeds). Green Revolution used fertilisers and pesticides to increase productivity. 

The first phase of the green revolution was from the mid 1960s up to the mid-1970s. It took place to combat the low productivity from agriculture.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

During the third Five Years Plan (1961-66), the priorities were on self-sufficiency in food grains, meeting the raw material needs of industries and increase in exports. During this period, Green Revolution programme was started on a small scale. During the fourth five year plan,  High Yielding Variety (HYV) of seeds, fertilizer use, new agriculture techniques and irrigation facilities provided to expand area of Green Revolution

First Green Revolution started in India - 1967-1968. The Green Revolution refers to a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production world wide.

The green revolution refers to an unexpected and revolutionary spurt in the production of crops. A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of a high yield variety of seeds, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques. The green revolution did not succeed in all the states. Only a few states like Punjab, Haryana, and crops like rice were major beneficiaries. There wasn't an increased production of all food grains and crops. It focused mainly on wheat and rice.

Mining is not the component of green revolution. 
Components of Green Revolution are as follows:
a) HYV Seeds
b) Pesticides
c) Fertilizers
d) Irrigation.

Green Revolution had both positive and negative effect on the economy such as:
a) Laborers are exploited.
b) Opportunities for employment increased in the village.
c) It was hardly beneficial to small farmers.
d) Big farmers benefitted and became richer.
e) Per capita income increased and national income also increased.
f) Inter-regional and intraregional disparities increased.
g) Unexpected increases were recorded in the production and productivity of crops.etc.

Merits of HYV seeds are as follows:-
a) have shorter life cycle thereby enabling farmers to go for multiple cropping.
b) do not require any special skill for adoption
c) all categories of farmers can use it and it benefits all categories of farmers in the same proportion.
d) needs a lot of water for better returns.