The Fifth Republic began on October 4, 1958, with the adoption of a new constitution.

Charles de Gaulle was the first President of the Fifth Republic, serving from 1958 to 1969.

The Fourth Republic was characterized by political instability, with frequent changes of government. The Fifth Republic was established to address this instability and provide a more stable political system.

The Fifth Republic is characterized by a strong presidency, a bicameral legislature, and a constitutional council.

The President of the Fifth Republic is the head of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

The Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic is the head of government, the leader of the majority party in the National Assembly, and is appointed by the President.

The National Assembly is the lower house of the French Parliament, is elected by universal suffrage, and has the power to pass laws.

The Senate is the upper house of the French Parliament, is elected by an electoral college, and has the power to review laws passed by the National Assembly.

The Constitutional Council reviews the constitutionality of laws, can declare laws unconstitutional, and is composed of nine members.

The Fifth Republic has overseen a period of economic growth, social reforms, and decolonization.

The Fifth Republic faces a number of challenges, including economic inequality, immigration, and terrorism.

The future of the Fifth Republic is uncertain. It is possible that it will continue to be a stable and prosperous democracy, but it is also possible that it will face increasing challenges from economic inequality, immigration, and terrorism. It is also possible that it will eventually be replaced by a new political system.

Charles de Gaulle was the President of France during the Algerian War, which lasted from 1954 to 1962.

The Algerian War ended in 1962 with Algeria gaining independence from France.

The Algerian War had a profound impact on France, leading to the collapse of the Fourth Republic, the establishment of the Fifth Republic, and a period of economic decline.