The Catholic Church sought to counter the spread of Protestantism and reinforce its own teachings and practices.

Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent and implemented reforms to address the challenges posed by the Reformation.

The Council of Trent was a series of meetings held over several years to discuss and address the theological and disciplinary issues raised by the Reformation.

The Council of Trent emphasized the importance of both faith and good works in achieving salvation, rejecting the Protestant doctrine of justification by faith alone.

The Index of Forbidden Books was a list of books that Catholics were prohibited from reading, as they were deemed to be heretical or morally dangerous.

The Jesuits, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, were a new religious order that played a crucial role in the Catholic Reformation through their missionary work, education, and defense of Catholic doctrine.

Gasparo Contarini was a Catholic cardinal and theologian who played a significant role in the early stages of the Council of Trent, advocating for reforms and seeking reconciliation with Protestants.

The Catholic Church focused on reforming its own clergy, addressing issues such as corruption, simony, and clerical misconduct, in order to strengthen the Church's moral authority.

Saint Charles Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, was a key figure in the Catholic Reformation, known for his efforts to reform the clergy, promote spiritual renewal, and implement the decrees of the Council of Trent.

The Catholic Reformation helped to strengthen the Church's authority, reaffirm its doctrines, and address internal abuses, contributing to its resilience in the face of the Protestant Reformation.

The Catholic Church affirmed the authority of the Bible but maintained that its interpretation should be guided by Church tradition and the teachings of the pope.

The Catholic Church promoted various practices such as indulgences, penance, and veneration of saints to encourage devotion and piety among the faithful during the Counter-Reformation.

The Jesuits were founded with the goal of promoting education and carrying out missionary work, particularly in areas where Protestantism had gained a foothold.

The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly known as the Holy Office) was established to oversee the implementation of the decrees of the Council of Trent and to combat heresy.