Sound propagates through seawater primarily through compression waves, where the pressure and density of the water oscillate, causing the sound to travel.

The speed of sound in seawater is influenced by temperature, salinity, and depth. Higher temperatures, lower salinities, and shallower depths generally result in a higher speed of sound.

Reflection is the phenomenon where sound waves bounce off an underwater object and return to the source. This principle is used in sonar and echolocation.

Dolphins are renowned for their advanced echolocation capabilities, using high-frequency clicks to create sound waves that bounce off objects, providing them with detailed information about their surroundings.

Bioacoustics encompasses the study of sound production and reception in marine animals, including communication, navigation, and prey detection.

Shipping, offshore oil and gas exploration, and military sonar are all sources of noise pollution in the marine environment, which can have adverse effects on marine life.

Noise pollution can affect marine life through various mechanisms, including masking of communication signals, physical damage to hearing organs, and behavioral changes.

Whales, especially baleen whales, are particularly vulnerable to noise pollution because they rely heavily on echolocation for navigation and prey detection.

Marine ecoacoustics is the study of the effects of noise on marine life, including the impacts on communication, behavior, and physiology.

MARPOL Annex VI is an international agreement that aims to reduce underwater noise pollution from shipping activities by setting limits on noise levels and requiring the use of quieter technologies.

Bioacoustics encompasses the study of sound production and reception in marine animals, including communication, navigation, and prey detection.

Shipping noise, offshore oil and gas exploration, and military sonar are all sources of noise pollution that can degrade underwater soundscapes and impact marine life.

Marine ecoacoustics is the study of the effects of noise on marine life, including the impacts on communication, behavior, and physiology.

MARPOL Annex VI is an international agreement that aims to reduce underwater noise pollution from shipping activities by setting limits on noise levels and requiring the use of quieter technologies.

Bioacoustics encompasses the study of sound production and reception in marine animals, including communication, navigation, and prey detection.