Sound absorption involves the conversion of sound energy into other forms of energy, typically heat, through interactions with the material's structure.

Porous materials with interconnected air spaces, such as fiberglass or foam, are effective sound absorbers due to the dissipation of sound energy through viscous and thermal losses.

Generally, the thicker a material is, the more sound energy it can absorb, leading to a higher sound absorption coefficient.

Porous materials are most effective at absorbing sound in the mid-frequency range, typically between 500 Hz and 2 kHz, due to the efficient conversion of sound energy into heat.

Sound transmission involves the passage of sound energy through a material, allowing sound waves to propagate from one side to the other.

Denser materials, such as concrete or metal, have higher sound transmission loss due to their ability to impede the passage of sound waves.

Generally, the thicker a material is, the higher its sound transmission loss, as it provides more resistance to the passage of sound waves.

Dense materials are more effective at transmitting low-frequency sound waves due to their lower energy and longer wavelengths.

Soundproofing materials aim to block or reduce the transmission of sound waves through a material or structure, preventing the passage of unwanted noise.

Concrete is a dense and heavy material that effectively blocks sound transmission due to its high sound transmission loss, making it suitable for soundproofing applications.

Reverberation time is the time it takes for the sound level in a room to decay by 60 dB after the source of sound has stopped, indicating the persistence of sound energy due to reflections.

The reverberation time of a room is primarily influenced by the sound absorption properties of the surface materials, as they determine the amount of sound energy absorbed and the rate of decay.

Sound-absorbing materials are used to reduce reverberation time by absorbing sound energy and preventing excessive reflections, improving the clarity and intelligibility of sound in a room.

Fiberglass panels are widely used for sound absorption in auditoriums and concert halls due to their high sound absorption coefficients, particularly in the mid-frequency range, which is crucial for speech intelligibility and musical clarity.

Soundproofing aims to block or reduce the transmission of sound waves through a room's structure, preventing the passage of unwanted noise from one space to another.