A Disaster is an event which causes enormous physical damage to property, huge loss of life and drastic change in the environment. The economic, social and cultural life of the people is affected and they need external help for food, shelter, medicine, financial and social support to overcome the disaster. Disaster is classified according to the origin as natural and man-made Disaster.

All of these

Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or group. The goal is to intimidate or coerce societies or governments in an effort to promote political or ideological beliefs. These attacks can take many forms, and could happen at any time in any place. Terrorists typically exploit vulnerabilities, and may use technology, hazardous materials, biological agents or other methods to create devastating disruptions to the community.

'Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them. DRR is very wide-ranging. Its scope is much broader and deeper than conventional emergency management. 

People residing in the coastal areas may face Floods, Cyclones frequently. The main effect of tropical cyclones includes heavy rain, strong wind, large storm. The cyclone depends mainly on its intensity, its size, and its location. 

National Disaster Management Authority has been constituted with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman, a Vice Chairman with the status of Cabinet Minister, and eight members with the status of Ministers of State.

The four phases of disaster: 

1. mitigation 
2. preparedness
3. response
4. recovery.

Manmade disasters: These can be divided into different categories and they include technological hazards, sociological hazards and transportation hazards among others.

Some types of manmade disasters which are just as catastrophic include chemical spill, oil spill, arson and terrorism. There are also some technological hazards which include power outages structural collapse, industrial hazards and fire. In cases of the last example, thousands of kilometers of land can be destroyed and anything else that is in the wake of the fires path.

A. Due to its geological set up.

India, due to its, physio-graphic and climatic conditions is one of the most disaster prone areas of the world. It is vulnerable to windstorms from both the Arabian Seaand Bay of Bengal. There are active crustal movements in the Himalaya leading to earthquakes. About 58.7 % of the toatal land mass is prone to earthquake of moderate to very high intensity. Floods brought about by heavy rain and drought in arid and semi arid areas. About 12 % of the o f the total land mass is flood prone and 68 % of the arable land is vulnerable to drought. The Western region of the country is represented by the Thar Desert and the central India by the Deccan Plateau face recurring droughts due to acute shortage of rainfall. India has increasingly become vulnerable to Tsunamis since the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. India has a coastline running 7600 km long.

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (SFDRR) was finally agreed on 18th March 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The Sendai Framework is sharpening focus on the vital role that ecosystems play in reducing disaster risk, particularly in shared river basins, wetlands and coastal areas.

Ecosystems such as forests can act as buffers against natural hazards, notably flooding. One of the most telling examples comes from the Caribbean, where Haiti’s forest cover is just 3.8 percent while its much greener island neighbor the Dominican Republic boasts 40.8 percent.

Risk Transfer refers to instruments that share/hedge economic risks before losses occur. Examples include: Budget self-insurance, Market Insurance and Reinsurance, Public asset coverage, Risk pooling and diversification and Risk financing.

DRR is a part of sustainable development, so it must involve every part of society, government, non-governmental organizations and the professional and private sector. It therefore requires a people-centered and multi-sector approach, building resilience to multiple, cascading and interacting hazards and creating a culture of prevention and resilience. Consequently DRM includes strategies designed to:

1. Avoid the construction of new risks
2. Address pre-existing risks
3. Share and spread risk to prevent disaster losses being absorbed by other development outcomes and creating additional poverty

India with its vast size and unique geo-physical characteristics is one of the world's most disaster prone countries. Natural disasters occur frequently in varying intensity in different parts of the country. 
1. Over 55% of the land area is vulnerable to earth quakes.
2. 12% to floods
3. 8% to cyclones.
4. 70% of the cultivable land is prone to drought.

On Dec 23,2005 the Government of India took a defining step by enacting the disaster management act,2005. It envisaged the creation of Nation disaster management authority. It is to be headed by the Prime Minister and it was created to spearhead and adopt a holistic and integrated approach a disaster management.

Mitigation is also used to assess structural and non-structural measures undertaken to reduce possible damage at a level which does not harm people and property, according to codes or accepted practice based, among other issues, on a known probability of hazard.

The floods occurred in 2010 across a large part of Ladakh, a region of the northernmost Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. 71 towns and villages were damaged, including the main town in the area, Leh. At least 255 people are reported to have died, after a cloudburst and heavy overnight rains triggered flash foods, mudslides, and debris flows.