Malnourished is the condition caused by the eating of essential nutrients in a lesser amount. I can be deficiency disorder like kwashiorkor in the protein deficiency disorder.

Marasmus is caused by protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) or deficiency of protein. The common symptoms are impaired physical growth, sub-cutaneous fat disappears, ribs become very prominent, limbs become thin and skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled and  loss of weight occurs. The cure is diet with adequate proteins and proper caloric value.

• There are two types of malnutrition diseases. 
• Kwashiorkor is the disease that is due to the deficiency of protein in the diet. 
• The other type of malnutrition disease is the marasmus, which is due to the deficiency of protein and energy. 
• When there are low calorie and protein intake in the diet, results in marasmus. 
• Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

If one is suffering from scurvy, then he need to add vitamin C (like citrus fruits) in his diet.
If a person is not able to see in the dark, he has night blindness and he need to add vitamin A in his diet.
If a person is suffering from vitamin D deficiency, then he need to add fatty fish and fish liver oils in his diet.
Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. So, he should  protein-rich diet which includes meat, eggs, milk.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Marasmus is one of the three forms of serious protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The other two forms are kwashiorkor (KW) and marasmic KW. Marasmus is a condition primarily caused by a deficiency in calories and energy, whereas kwashiorkor indicates an associated protein deficiency, resulting in an edematous appearance. 

Protein-energy malnutrition is also called marasmus which is mainly observed in infants and children of age around 5 years old. The skin of the child becomes dry, thin and wrinkled, a deficiency also impairs growth and replacement of tissue, the body becomes thin and mental retardation is observed.

• Marasmus is a disorder that occurs due to the deficiency of protein as well as calories mean prolonged starvation leads to it. Usually occurs in children age 0 to 5 and the child becomes very thin, becomes dehydrated, shrinks the stomach, etc.

• Kwashiorkor, also known as “edematous malnutrition” because of its association with edema (fluid retention), is a nutritional disorder most often seen in regions experiencing famine. It is a form of malnutrition caused by a lack of protein in the diet. People who have kwashiorkor typically have an extremely emaciated appearance in all body parts except their ankles, feet, and belly, which swell with fluid. Kwashiorkor is most common in countries where there is a limited supply or lack of food. It is mostly found in children and infants in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. Its symptoms include (1) change in skin and hair colour (to a rust colour) and texture (2) edema (swelling) of the ankles, feet, and belly.

• Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that results when a person does not consume enough protein and calories. Without these vital nutrients, energy levels become dangerously low and vital functions begin to stop. Both adults and children can have marasmus, but it most often affects young children in developing countries. Over time, a person with marasmus will lose body tissue and fat in their face. Similarly, their bones become visible under their skin, and folds of skin develop from the loss of body mass. Their eyes may appear sunken.

• Marasmus is a form of malnutrition.
•  Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that results when a person does not consume enough protein and calories. Without these vital nutrients, energy levels become dangerously low and vital functions begin to stop. 
• A child with marasmus may not grow as children usually do. Hence, Marasmus disease is caused due to Protein deficiency.

Each segment in the strobila of tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system is proglottid.

Rickets: This condition is due to a lack of vitamin D, which causes the body to be unable to absorb or deposit calcium.

Hence, Option D is correct.

Pernicious anaemia marked by a decrease in the number of red blood cells which is caused by a reduced ability to absorb vitamin $B _{12}$.

1. Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.
2.  If an individual is not provided with enough nutrients, they are called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition.
3.  If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development.
4. Symptoms that include: a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. Hence, malnutrition has a tremendous effect on the health of an individual, especially in children.
   

Iron is an important requirement for the biosynthesis of hemoglobin in human body. Hence, iron deficiency will lead to deficiency of hemoglobin, i.e., reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood called as anemia. Hypochromic anemia is a generic term for any type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are paler than normal. It is important to note that iron is not readily absorbed in the body. Vitamin C enhances iron absorption in body. Hence, iron rich food like non vegetarian diet is usually served with salad sprinkled with lemon juice.