Disorders of musculoskeletal system - class-XI
Description: disorders of musculoskeletal system | |
Number of Questions: 43 | |
Created by: Darshan Khurana | |
Tags: biology locomotion and movement control and co-ordination in plants and animals zoology control and coordination skeleton and movements control and coordination in living organisms tissue level of organisation coordination and response the biology of movement musculo-skeletal system coordination - the linking system endocrine system and adolescence human organ systems nervous system and endocrine system life processes in living organism |
Removal of parathyroids in human beings result in
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Tetany
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Simmond's disease
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Myxoedema
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Addison's disease
Parathormone of parathyroid gland increases the blood calcium level. Removal of parathyroid gland decreases the blood calcium level due to its increased excretion in urine. It causes increased excitability of muscles and their sustained contraction referred to as parathyroid tetany. Myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism in adults while Addison’s disease is caused by the presence of ineffective ACTH. Simmond's disease is caused by the destruction of the anterior pituitary lobe. Thus, the correct answer is A.
This is diagnosed by the presence of a type of IgM.
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Osteoporosis
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Gout
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Osteoarthritis
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Rheumatoid arthritis
The over-stretching of tendons and ligaments is called as
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Tonus
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Tetany
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Sprain
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Fatigue
A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the joint will become painful and stress.
Tonus is the slight, continuous contraction of a muscle.
Tetany consists of the involuntary contraction of muscles.
Fatigue is the general overall feeling of tiredness and lack of energy.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Gout is caused due to accumulation of?
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Oxalic acid
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Uric acid
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Calcium carbonate
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Lactic acid
Which of the following pair is incorrect in relation to diseases and related symptoms-
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Rheumatoid arthritis-accumulation of pannus granules
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Rickets-Incomplete and insufficient deposition of calcium and phosphate into bones
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Gouty Arthritis- Deposition of urea into joints
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Osteoporosis- Deficiency of vitamin D
Deposition of ______ in the joints causes gout.
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Urea
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Uric acid
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Guanine
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Ammonia
Which of the following are skeletal disorders?
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Osteoporosis
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Arthritis
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Diabetes
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Both (B) and (A)
Arthritis is a disorder of the joints. It involves inflammation of one or more joints. When affected by arthritis, the joint or joints affected may be painful to move, may move in unusual directions or may be immobile completely. Osteoporosis is a disease of bone where there is reduced bone mineral density, increasing the likelihood of fractures.
Osteomalacia is a deficiency disease of
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Infants due to protein energy malnutrition
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Adults due to protein energy malnutrition
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Infants due to vitamin D/Calcium deficiency
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Adults due to vitamin D/Calcium/ Phosphorus deficiency
Select the correct statement about disorder of muscular or skeletal system.
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Muscular dystrophy $\rightarrow$ Age related shortening of muscles
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Myasthenia gravis $\rightarrow$ Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
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Gout $\rightarrow$ Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium
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Osteoporosis $\rightarrow$ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
- Skeletal system consists of a framework of bones and a few cartilages.
- Osteoporosis is defined as a low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk.
- It occurs due to various fractures such as calcium deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, estrogen deficiency in females etc,
- Hence osteoporosis →→ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age.
- So, the correct answer is 'Osteoporosis →→ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age'.
In certain parts of India muscular distrophy is commonly found among the poor people because they eat cheap pulses of
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Phaseolus mungo
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Pisum sativum
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Lathyrus sativus
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Cicer
Lathyrus sativus also known as Kesari dal is mainly consumed by poor people. It causes paralysis because of the action of neurotoxin OAA present in it.
Dislocation is a disease caused by
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Biological agent
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Mechanical agent
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Physical agent
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Chemical agent
Dislocation is a disease which occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet. Most common sites of dislocation are shoulder, hip, patella, ankle and fingers. Dislocations are often caused by sudden trauma on the joint like an impact or fall. Mechanical agents are the major cause of dislocation, sprains, injuries, fractures etc.
At times ligaments and tendons are overstretched or torn. The phenomenon is
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Sprain
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Dislocation
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Fracture
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Tension
- The bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones at joints are called as Ligaments and which connect muscles to the bones are called as tendons.
- At times ligaments and tendons are overstretched or torn. The phenomenon is called a sprain.
- Sprain happen most often in the ankle but can occur at any joint, such as the wrist or knee.”
- So, the correct answer is a 'Sprain'.
Select the correct statement about muscular disorder.
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Accumulation of urea and creatine in joints
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An overdose of vitamin D causes osteoporosis
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Rapid contraction of skeletal muscles causes dystrophy
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Failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing
- Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral (autoantibodies) or cell-mediated (by autoreactive T cells) immune response to self-antigens.
- Myasthenia gravis is caused by an autoantibody against muscle antigen and acetylcholine receptor antigen.
- It is characterized by increased muscular weakness the make one fatigue. speaking, breathing and talking becomes tired some. The failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing.
- So, the correct answer is 'Failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing'.
Which of the following is correctly matched?
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Relaxin- Gigantism
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Prolactin- Cretinism
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Parathyroid hormone- Tetany
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Insulin- Diabetes insipidus
The correct combination of disease due to hyposecretion of these hormones:-
Relaxin | Cervical dystocia |
---|---|
Prolactin | Sheehan syndrome |
Parathyroid hormone | Tetany |
Insulin | Diabetes Mellitus |
Tetany is related with parathyroid hormone or parathormone, it is responsible for calcium metabolism, the hyposecretion of parathormone lowers the blood calcium that results in the increasing the excitability of nerves and muscles.
Hypocalcemia (decreased $Ca^{+2}$ level of plasma) can lead to ______________.
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Tetany
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Renal calculi
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Osteoporosis
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Myasthenia gravis
Imbalances of certain hormones, deficiencies of calcium and vitamin D are the major causative factors of :
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rheumatoid arthritis
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osteoporosis
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osteoarthritis
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gouty arthritis
The deficiency of calcium and vitamin D are the major causative factor of osteoporosis .
This is diagnose by the presence of a type of IgM
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Osteoporosis
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Gout
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Osteoarthritis
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
In Myasthenia gravis acetylcholine __________________.
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Receptors on motor end plate are reduced
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Secretion from nerve terminals is reduced
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Esterase activity is inhibited
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Secretion from nerve terminals is enhanced
Which of the following indicates tetany?
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Spasm
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Muscular cramps
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Tremors
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All of the above
Which of the following are the reasons(s) for rheumatoid arthritis? Choose the correct option
(i) Lymphocytes become more active
(ii) Body attacks self cells
(iii) More antibodies are produced in the body
(iv) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self cells is lost
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(i) and (ii)
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(ii) and (iv)
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(iii) and (iv)
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(i) and (iii)
Which of the following is the correct pairing regarding a specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system ?
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Muscular dystrophy - Age related shortening of muscles
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Osteoporosis - Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
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Myasthenia gravis - Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
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Gout - Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium
Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease, osteoporosis is the decrease in bone mass, which leads to higher chances of fractures with advancing age.
Osteoporosis is commonly caused die to:
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decreased level of progesterone
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decreased level of oestrogen
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increased level of progesterone
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increased level of oestrogen
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine. So the correct option is 'decreased level of progesterone'.
Paralysis of both lower limbs due to spinal cord damage and not the upper limbs is called as
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Hemiplegia
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Quadriplegia
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Posterioplegia
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Paraplegia
Paraplegia is an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. It is usually the result of spinal cord injury.
An age-dependent disorder characterized by increased fragility and low bone mass resulting from deficiency of Ca and vitamin D is
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Oesteoporosis
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Osteoarthritis
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Gout
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Rickets
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density which can lead to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis, the bone mineral density is reduced. Low levels of vitamin D is associated with osteoporosis.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Myasthenia gravis is a/an
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Autoimmune disease caused due to non-secretion of acetylcholine at neuromusclar junction.
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Muscle related disease, caused by hormonal disorder.
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Autoimmune disease, caused due to non-section of CSF.
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Autommune disease, caused due to non-conduction of impulses at neural junction.
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that destroys the skeletal muscles responsible for actions such as swallowing, breathing, etc. It is caused due to the inability of muscles to respond to the nerve impulse due to the destruction of the receptors of acetylcholine on them. The acetylcholine is secreted from the neurons at the neuromuscular junction which is not perceived by the muscles as their receptors have been destroyed by the antibodies.
Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to the.
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Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
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High concentration of $Ca^{++}$ and $Na^+$
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Decreased level of oestrogen
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Accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints
Osteoporosis is an age related disorder of skeletal system caused due to weakening of bones by decreased Ca++ and oestrogen levels. Osetrogen helps in decreasing the resorption of bone by decreasing osteoclastic activity. As the oestrogen levels decrease the osteoclastic activity increases and more ca++ is withdrawn into blood from bone resulting in osteoporosis.
Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system.
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Osteoporosis - decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
-
Myasthenia gravis- auto immune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
-
Gout - inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium
-
Muscular dystrophy - age related shortening of muslces
Osteoporosis is bone disorder in which the Ca++ is decreased resulting in decreased bone mass. This may lead to fractures.
One of the reasons of the neurological disorder amongst the poors in India is due to eating of
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Cicer arietinum
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Lathyrus sativus
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Pisum sativum
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Vigna mungo
Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) causes the neurological disorder known as lathyrism or neurolathyrism. It has high concentration of neurotoxin β-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid which causes paralysis. It is a poison of mitochondria which causes cell death.
Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?
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Myasthenia gravis
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Osteoporosis
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Muscular dystrophy
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Gout
An autoimmune disorder is a condition where body's own immune system attacks and destroys own tissues by mistake. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which body produces antibodies agaist the neurotransmitter acetylcholine nicotinic in skeletal muscles. It is characterized by the muscle weakness.
Disease caused by deficiency of parathormone is
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Cretinism
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Hypercalcemia
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Tetany
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Myxoedema
Tetany is rapid spasms in muscles due to low calcium ions in the body fluid or blood. Hyposecretion of parathormone lowers concentration of calcium ions in the blood due to excretion of calcium in urine, this increases the excitability of nerves and muscles, causing cramp and convulsions, this disorder is known as tetany.
The term tetanus refers to
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The partial sustained contraction of major supporting muscles
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A stronger contraction resulting from multiple motor unit summation
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The result of wave summation, which produces a smooth and sustained contraction of a muscle
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The state of muscle fatigue caused by depletion of ATP and accumulation of lactic acid
- A decline in a muscle's ability to maintain a constant level of force, or tension after prolonged, repetitive stimulation is called tetanus.
- A tetanic contraction is a sustainable contraction evoked when motor nerve innervates a skeletal muscle emitting action potential at a very high rate.
Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system.
-
Muscular dystrophy - age related shortening of muscles
-
Osteoporosis - decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
-
Myasthenia gravis - Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments
-
Gout - Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium.
A. Muscle dystrophy: It involves progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle due to a genetic defect.
Repetitive muscular activity at moderate levels, such as weight training, can result in
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Denervation atrophy
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Mood swings
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Muscular hypertrophy
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A decline in health
- Muscular dystrophy is a collection of muscle-wasting conditions.
- A lack of a protein called dystrophin is the main cause of muscular dystrophy.
Symptoms of tetanus include
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Muscle cramps or spasms in your legs
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Swollen neck
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Bowed legs
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All the above
Symptoms of tetanus include:
a)Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles known as lockjaw. The spasms can also affect the facial muscles and experience spasms and stiffness in various muscles, especially those in jaw, abdomen, chest, back, and neck.
b)Muscle cramps or spasms in your legs.
c)Difficulty swallowing.
d)fever, high blood pressure, nervous system dysfunction, or sweating.
So, the correct option is 'Muscle cramps or spasms in your legs'.
Metabolic arthritis is commonly called
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Rheumatism
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Gout
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Tuberculosis
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Cancer
Sprain involves
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Overstretching of ligament
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Overstretching of tendon
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Dislodging of bone
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Both A and B
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments which are the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in the joints. The most common causes of sprains are falling, twisting etc. These types of injuries may cause the joint to move out of its normal range of movement that causes the tearing or stretching of the ligament. So, the correct answer is 'Overstretching of ligament'.
Sprain is due to outstretching/pulling of
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Muscles
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Tendons
-
Ligaments
-
Nerves
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments which are the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in the joints. A sprain results in an overstretch or tear of the ligaments supporting that joint.
Dislocation of bones occurs in persons who have met with and met in accidents due to the
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Tendon break
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Break of skeletal muscle
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Ligament break
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Areolar tissue break
The ligament is the connective tissue which attaches two or more bones together to form a joint. When the ligament breaks, the two bones cannot be held together and dislocate. Generally, when the person met with an accident and the ligament is broken, there are chances that the person will suffer from the dislocation of the bones.
Bones become fragile due to
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Arthritis
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Osteoporosis
-
Gout
-
None of the above
- Osteoporosis is defined as low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk.
- It may occur due to various reasons such as calcium deficiency, increase in osteoclastic or osteoblastic activity, age, estrogen deficiency in females etc.
- Hence bones become fragile (easily broken or damaged) due to osteoporosis.
- So,the correct answer is 'Osteoporosis'.
To treat myasthenia gravis,
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Acetylcholine esterase activity is inhibited
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Receptors on motor end plate are reduced
-
Secretion from nerve terminals is reduced
-
Secretion from nerve terminals is enhanced
Myasthenia gravis is a disease caused due to the antibodies produced by an immune system that blocks or destroy the receptor sites for a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. The enzyme esterase or acetylcholine esterase break the acetylcholine and deactivates the neurotransmitter to stop muscle activation.
Which of the following endocrine gland is associated with tetanus?
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Islets of Langerhans
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Thyroid gland
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Parathyroid gland
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Adrenal gland
Symptoms of tetanus include
a)Tetanus often begins with mild spasms in the jaw muscles known as lockjaw. The spasms can also affect the facial muscles and experience spasms and stiffness in various muscles, especially those in jaw, abdomen, chest, back, and neck.
b)Muscle cramps or spasms in your legs, fever, high blood pressure etc
Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction).
Hence parathyroid gland is associated with tetanus.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid gland'.
Myasthenia gravis is an example of
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Viral disease
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Immunological disease
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Autoimmune disease
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Allergic reactions
- Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral(autoantibodies)or cell-mediated(by autoreactive T cells) immune response to self-antigens.
- Myasthenia gravis is caused by an autoantibody against muscle antigen and acetylcholine receptor antigen.
- Myasthenia gravis is characterized by increased muscular weakness the make one fatigue. speaking, breathing and talking becomes tired some. Hence myasthenia gravis is an example of autoimmune disease.
- So, the correct answer is 'Autoimmune disease'.
Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder occurs in
-
Myasthenia gravis
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Muscular dystrophy
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Arthritis
-
Tetany
-
Osteoporosis
- Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited muscle diseases in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage.
- It is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration, defects in muscle proteins and the death of muscle cell and tissue.
- Hence progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder occurs in muscular dystrophy.
- So, the correct answer is 'Muscular dystrophy'.