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Fundamental particles of an atom - class-XI

Description: fundamental particles of an atom
Number of Questions: 42
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Tags: atomic structure inside the atom atom element, compound and chemical reaction chemistry molecular structure structure of the atom structure of atom the structure of the atom
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An αα particle is:

  1. a hydrogen molecule

  2. a helium nucleus

  3. an electron

  4. a proton


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

$(B)$ a helium nucleus 


$Reason$ : An $\alpha$ particle is a positively charged particle consists of two protons and two neutrons , all held together by the same strong nuclear force that binds the nucleus of any atom , emitted by some radioactive substances and identical to the nucleus of helium atom . It carry a charge of $+2$. 

What makes the atom of one element different from another element's atom ?

  1. Number of protons

  2. Number of electrons

  3. Number of neutrons

  4. Number of ions


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The number of protons in an atom determines what element you have. For instance hydrogen has one proton, carbon has six.

If number of electrons in an atom is 8 and number of protons is also 8, then give the atomic number of atom and the charge on the atom.

  1. (i) Atomic number = 8, (ii) Charge = 0

  2. (i) Atomic number = 4, (ii) Charge = 0

  3. (i) Atomic number = 8, (ii) Charge = +1

  4. (i) Atomic number = 4, (ii) Charge = +1


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Atomic number is equal to number of protons i.e. 8. Since number of protons is equal to number of electrons i.e. 8, therefore charge on the atom is 0.

The charge on a proton is ___________.

  1. $-1602\times10^{-19}C$

  2. $1.602\times10^{-19}C$

  3. $0$

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The charge on protons is equal to $1.602\times10^{-19}C$

Elements are defined by the number of _______ they possess.

  1. electrons

  2. protons

  3. neutrons

  4. atoms


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Elements are defined by the number of protons they possess.

Absolute mass of a proton is equal to __________.

  1. $9.109\times10^{-31}$ kg

  2. $-1.602\times10^{-31}$ kg

  3. $1.672\times10^{-27}$ kg

  4. $1.674\times10^{-27}$ kg


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The mass of proton is equal to $1.672\times10^{-27}$ kg.


Hence the correct option is C.

Absolute mass of electron is equal to __________.

  1. $9.109\times10^{-31}$ kg

  2. $-1.602\times10^{-31}$ kg

  3. $1.672\times10^{-27}$ kg

  4. $1.647\times10^{-27}$ kg


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The mass of an electrons is $9.109\times10^{-31}$ kg.


Hence the correct option is A.

Absolute mass of neutrons is ____ .

  1. $9.109\times10^{-31}$ kg

  2. $-1.602\times10^{-31}$ kg

  3. $1.672\times10^{-27}$ kg

  4. $1.674\times10^{-27}$ kg


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The mass of neutrons is $1.674\times10^{-27}$ kg

An atom does not carry any electric charge because it _____________.

  1. has an equal number of charged and non charged particles

  2. has neutrons in their nuclei

  3. has an equal number of electrons and protons, hence positive and negative charge gets neutralized.

  4. has an equal number of neutrons and protons


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Equal number of negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons would give a neutral atom which would thus not have any electric charge.

The number of protons in calcium is :

  1. $20$

  2. $21$

  3. $22$

  4. $23$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element. The atomic number of calcium in the periodic table is 30 and hence calcium has 30 protons in its nucleus.

Which of the following has negligible weight as compared to others?

  1. Proton

  2. Neutron

  3. Electron

  4. Isotope

  5. Hydrogen ion


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option $C$ is the correct answer.

Mass of an electron is very negligible. It is $ {9.1}{\times}{10}^{-31} $ Kg.

Which of the following is neutral and weighs 1 amu?

  1. Proton

  2. Neutron

  3. Electron

  4. Isotope

  5. Ion


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A neutron is electrically neutral particle. And its mass is 1 amu or $ {1.67} $ $ {\times} $ $ {10}^{-27} $ Kg

Thus, option $B$ is the correct answer.

Which of the following has negative charge and is present in atom as pairs with opposite spin?

  1. Proton

  2. Neutron

  3. Electron

  4. Isotope

  5. Ion


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Option $C$ is the correct answer.

An electron is a negatively charged particle. In an orbital, if two electrons are present together, they should and must have opposite spins. Because, no two electrons can be identically same.

If two atoms are isotopes, in what characteristic do they differ? 

  1. Number of protons

  2. Number of neutrons

  3. Number of electrons

  4. Atomic number

  5. Electronic charge


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but that have a different number of neutrons.

The ratio of the neutrons present in nitrogen atom and a silicon atom is: 

(Mass number of nitrogen and silicon is 14 and 28 respectively)

  1. 7 : 3

  2. 3 : 7

  3. 1 : 2

  4. 2 : 1


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

For nitrogen; atomic number = 7 and mass number = 14 

$\therefore$ Number of neutrons $= 14-7 = 7$
For silicon; atomic number = 14 and mass number = 28 
$\therefore$ number of neutrons $= 28-14= 14$
$\therefore$ Ratio of number of neutrons in nitrogen and silicon $= 7:14 = 1:2$

Though the three fundamental particles are present in almost all elements, one element does not have one of them. Identify the particle

  1. neutron

  2. proton

  3. electron

  4. nucleons


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Neutron is not present in hydrogen. Electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1 $( _1H^1)$.

The ratio of mass of proton to electron is about:

  1. $1.8\times 10^{-3}$

  2. $1.8\times 10^{3}$

  3. 1

  4. 0


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mass of proton = $1.6\times 10^{-27}$kg and mass of electron = $9.1\times 10^{-31}$kg
$\therefore\dfrac{\text{mass of proton}}{\text{mass of electron}} = \dfrac{1.6\times 10^{-27}}{9.1\times 10^{-31}} = 1.8\times 10^{3}$

The electronic configuration of an ion $M^{2+}$ is 2, 8, 14. If its mass 56, the number of neutrons in its nucleus is :

  1. 30

  2. 32

  3. 34

  4. 42


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$M^{2+}=2, 8, 14;\Rightarrow $ Electronic Configuration of $M=2, 8, 16$
So. total electrons in M will be $=26$
i.e., atomic number $(Z)=26$, Mass number (given) $=56$
$\therefore$ Number of neutrons$=A-Z=56-26=30$

Hence, the correct option is A.

Suppose the chemists hed selected $10^{20}$ as the number of particles in a mole. The molar mass of oxygen gas would be (Use Avogadro number $=6.0\times 10^{23}$)

  1. $5.33\times 10^{-3}g$

  2. $5.35\times 10^{-23}g$

  3. $5.33\times 10^{-43}g$

  4. $32\times 10^{3}g$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Molar mass of oxygen we know is $32$g.

$\therefore 1$ molecule oxygen weighs $\cfrac { 32 }{ 6\times { 10 }^{ 23 } } $g
$\Rightarrow { 10 }^{ 20 }$ molecules would weigh $\cfrac { 32 }{ 6\times { 10 }^{ 23 } } \times { 10 }^{ 20 }$
$\therefore 1 $mole would weigh $=5.33\times { 10 }^{ -3 }$g.

The number of electrons present in $100ml$ of $0.1N$ ${H} _{2}{SO} _{4}$ is:

  1. $6.85\times {10}^{22}$

  2. $7.50\times {10}^{23}$

  3. $1.5\times {10}^{23}$

  4. $1.8\times {10}^{22}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Normality=$n\times Molarity$

$\therefore 0.1=2\times \cfrac { moles\quad  of\quad  H _2SO _4}{ 0.1 }$
$\therefore Moles\quad  of\quad  H _2SO _4=0.005\quad moles$

$1$ molecule of $H _2SO _4$ contains $50$ electrons.

No. of molecules in $0.005$ moles=$0.005\times6.022\times {10}^{ 23 }$
=$0.03011\times {10}^{ 23 }$ molecules

$\therefore$ No. of electrons in $0.005$ moles=$0.03011\times {10}^{ 23 }\times 50$
=$1.5\times {10}^{ 23 }$ electrons

Total number of electrons present in $14\ gm$ of nitrogen gas is:

$[N _A = 6\times 10^{23}]$

  1. $6\times { 10 }^{ 23 }$

  2. $4.2\times { 10 }^{ 24 }$

  3. $3\times { 10 }^{ 23 }$

  4. $4.2\times { 10 }^{ 23 }$


Correct Option: B

The ratio between the number of neutrons present in $C^{12}$ and $Si^{30}$ atoms is:

  1. 3:8

  2. 2:5

  3. 3:7

  4. 1:1


Correct Option: A

The number of electrons present in  $3\mathrm { d }$  of  $\mathrm { Cu }  $ is :

  1. $20$

  2. $10$

  3. $16$

  4. $24$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Electronic configuration of copper is- $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^13d^{10}$

There are $10$ electrons in $3d-$ shell to attain fully filled configuration.

The number of electrons having $n+s=2.5$ in sulphide ion is :-

  1. $3$

  2. $4$

  3. $6$

  4. $8$


Correct Option: B

The approximate atomic weight of electron or positron per mol is:

  1. $5.48\times 10^{-6} g mol^{-1}$

  2. $ 5.48\times 10^{-8} g mol^{-1}$

  3. $5.48\times 10^{-4} g mol^{-1}$

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mass of one electron $=9.1\times 10^{-27} g $

So, mass of one mole of electron $=m\times N _o$ $=5.48\times 10^{-4} g mol^{-1}$ as  $N _o = 6.023\times 10^{23}$.

Rest mass of an electron is $9.11\times 10^{-31}$ kg. Molar mass of the electron is:

  1. $1.50\times 10^{-31}kg$ $mol^{-1}$

  2. $9.11\times 10^{-31}kg$ $mol^{-1}$

  3. $5.5\times 10^{-7}kg$ $mol^{-1}$

  4. $6.02\times 10^{23}kg$ $mol^{-1}$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Rest mass of an electron is $9.11\times 10^{-31}kg$.
So, mass of one mole of electron is $9.11\times 10^{-31}\times6.023\times10^{23} = 5.5\times 10^{-7}kg/mole$

What are nucleons?

  1. the sum of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus.

  2. the number of protons in the nucleus.

  3. the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

  4. the sum of protons, neutrons and electrons present in the nucleus.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A nucleon is one of either of the two types of subatomic particles (neutrons and protons) which are located in the nucleus of atoms.
Only option A correct .

Find the mass number of sodium having $12$ neutrons.

  1. $22$

  2. $23$

  3. $11$

  4. $12$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The atomic weight is basically a measurement of the total number of particles in an atom's nucleus. Mass number can be found by rounding off an elements atomic mass to the nearest whole number.
Mass Number $=$ (Number of Protons) $+$ (Number of Neutrons)
$= 11 + 12$
$= 23$

The number of protons is equal to ________ in a neutral atom.

  1. atomic weight

  2. atomic number

  3. number of electrons

  4. both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element. Atoms are electrically neutral. That means that there must be a balance between the positively charged protons and the negatively charged electrons.


Thus, atoms must have equal numbers of protons and electrons.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{D}$

The mass of electron, proton and neutron in grams are :

  1. $1.108\times 10^{-28}, 1.6726\times 10^{-24}, 1.675 \times 10^{-24}$

  2. $9.108\times 10^{28}, 1.6726\times 10^{24}, 1.675 \times 10^{24}$

  3. $9.108\times 10^{-24}, 1.6726\times 10^{-24}, 1.675 \times 10^{24}$

  4. $9.108\times 10^{-28}, 1.6726\times 10^{-24}, 1.675 \times 10^{-24}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

An electron is a tiny particle with a mass of $9.108\times 10^{-28}$ g and a negative charge. All neutral atoms contain electrons. The mass of a proton is $1.6726\times 10^{-24}$ g, or about 1836 times the mass of an electron. The proton carries a positive electrical charge, that is equal in magnitude to the charge of the electron but opposite in sign. Mass of a neutron is $1.675 \times  10^{-24}$ g. It is very close to that of the proton. A neutron carries no charge.

Find the number of neutrons in silver having atomic mass of $107.86$.

  1. $65$

  2. $71$

  3. $61$

  4. $47$


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The atomic weight is basically a measurement of the total number of particles in an atom's nucleus. Mass number can be found by rounding off an elements atomic mass to the nearest whole number.
$Mass\ Number = (Number\ of\ protons) + (Number\ of\ neutrons)$
Number of neutrons $= mass\ number- number\ of\ protons$
Atomic mass of silver $= 107.86$
Mass number $= 108$
Number of protons $= 47$
Number of neutrons $= 108 - 47$
$= 61$
$\therefore$ Number of neutrons in a silver $=61$

 How many moles of electron weighs one kilogram?

  1. $6.023 \times 10^{23}$

  2. $\dfrac{1}{9.108} \times 10^{32}$

  3. $\dfrac{6.023}{9.108} \times 10^{54}$

  4. $\dfrac{1}{9.108 \times 6.023} \times 10^{8}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Mass of one electron $ \displaystyle =9.108 \times 10^{-31}$ kg.

Mass of one mole of electrons $ \displaystyle =9.108 \times 10^{-31} \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}=9.108   \times 6.023 \times 10^{-8}$ kg.

The number of moles of electrons that weigh one kilogram $ \displaystyle = \dfrac {1}{9.108   \times 6.023 \times 10^{-8}}= \dfrac {1}{9.108   \times 6.023}  \times 10^{8}$

Hence, the correct option is $D$

Positronium is the name given to an atom-like combination formed between_____________.

  1. a positron and a proton

  2. a positron and a neutron

  3. a positron and an $\alpha$-particle

  4. a positron and an electron


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Positronium is the name given to an atom-like combination formed between a positron and an electron. Electron  and positron are particle and antiparticle.

If $N _A$ is the Avogadro's number then number of valence electrons in 4.8 g of $O^{2-} $ is:

  1. $2.4\, N _A$

  2. $4.2\, N _A$

  3. $1.6\, N _A$

  4. $3.2\, N _A$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Number of mole in 4.8 gm of oxygen atom $=\dfrac{4.8}{16} = 0.3$ mole 

Number of the valence electron in one ion of $O^{2-} = 8$

Number of the valence electron in 0.3 mole of $O^{2-} = 8\times0.3\times N _A =2.4N _A$

Hence, the correct option is $(A)$.

Mass of 1 mole neutrons $(m _n= 1.675 \times 10^{-27}\, kg)$ is:

  1. $1.8 \times 10^{-3}\, kg$

  2. $1.008 \times 10^{-4}\, kg$

  3. $1.08 \times 10^{-3}\, kg$

  4. $1.008 \times 10^{-3}\, kg$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mass of one neutron $= 1.675 \times 10^{-27}$ kg


1 mole contains $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ neutrons

mass of 1 mole neutrons $= 1.675 \times 6.02 \times  10^{-27} \times 10^{23}$

                                         $=1.008 \times 10^{-3}$ kg

Select the correct statement?

  1. An atom has equal number of electrons and protons.

  2. An atom has equal number of electrons and neutrons.

  3. An atom has equal number of protons and neutrons.

  4. An atom has equal number of electrons, protons and neutrons.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An atom is electrically neutral as it has an equal number of electrons and protons, that is, an equal number of negative and positive charges. 


In order to become stable, atom loses or gains one or more electrons and forms an ion which carries a charge.

Hence the correct option is A.

What is the total number of electrons present in 1.6 g of methane?

  1. $6.023 \times 10^{23}$

  2. 16

  3. $12.04 \times 10^{23}$

  4. $6.023 \times 10^{24}$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
1 mole methane = 16 g
Electrons in 1 mole of methane are $=6+4 \times 1=10$
Mole of methane in 1.6 g=$\cfrac{mass}{molar\ mass}$
$=\cfrac{1.6}{16}=0.1$ mole
$\therefore$ 0.1 mol methane contains $0.1 \times 10$mol electron=1 mole of electron
1 mole electron=$6.023 \times 10^{23}$ electrons

The molar mass of an electron is:

  1. $6.023\times10^{23}$ g/mol

  2. $5.486\times10^{-4}$ g/mol

  3. $9.108\times10^{-28}$ kg/mol

  4. $9.108\times10^{-24}$ g/mol


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Mass of an electron $=9.1\times 10^{-28}$g
1 mole $=6.02\times 10^{23}$ electrons
$\therefore$ molar mass of electron $=(9.1\times 10^{-28}) \times (6.02\times 10^{23}) = 5.48\times 10^{-4}$ g/mole

The total number of electrons present in 1.8 g of water is :

  1. $6.023\times 10^{22}$

  2. $10.8576\times 10^{23}$

  3. $10.8576\times 10^{22}$

  4. $6.023\times 10^{23}$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

We know that, 1 molecule of water consists of 10 electrons (2 electrons each of two hydrogen atoms and 8 electrons of one oxygen atom).
The number of molecules present in 1.8 g of water.
$18 : g : of : H _2O\xrightarrow[]{contains}6.023\times 10^{23}molecules$
$\Rightarrow1.8 : g : of : H _2O : contains : '! x' : molecules$
$x=\dfrac{1.8\times 6.023\times 10^{23}}{18}$
$=\dfrac{ 6.023\times 10^{23}}{10}=6.023\times 10^{22}molecules$.
$\therefore$ Number of electrons in 1.8 g of water $=6.023\times 10^{22}\times10=6.023\times 10^{23}$

How many moles of electron weighs one kilogram?

  1. $6.023\times 10^{23}$

  2. $\dfrac {1}{9.108}\times 10^{31}$

  3. $\dfrac {6.023}{9.108}\times 10^{54}$

  4. $\dfrac {1}{9.108\times 6.023}\times 10^8$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mass of one electron is $9.108\times 10^{-31} kg$.


Mass of one mole of electrons is ${9.108 \times 10^{-31} \times 6.023}\times 10^{23}={9.108\times 6.023}\times 10^{-8}$.

Thus, $1$ kg corresponds to $\dfrac {1}{9.108\times 6.023}\times 10^8$ moles of electrons.

Hence, the correct option is $D$

How many moles of electrons weigh one kilogram? 

(Mass of electron = $\displaystyle 9.108\times 10^{-31}kg $; Avagadro number = $\displaystyle 6.023\times 10^{23}kg $)

  1. $\displaystyle \frac{1}{9.108\times 6.023}\times 10^{8} $

  2. $\displaystyle 6.023\times 10^{23}$

  3. $\displaystyle \frac{1}{9.108}\times 10^{31}$

  4. $\displaystyle \frac{6.023}{9.108}\times 10^{54}$


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mass of electron $\displaystyle 9.108\times 10^{-31}kg$.
The number of electrons that weigh 1 kg will be $\frac {1}{\displaystyle 9.108\times 10^{-31}}$
The Avagadro number is $\displaystyle 6.023\times 10^{23}$.    
The number of moles of electrons that weigh 1 kg will be
$\frac {1}{\displaystyle 9.108\times 10^{-31} \times \displaystyle 6.023\times 10^{23}}=\displaystyle \frac{1}{9.108\times 6.023}\times 10^{8}$

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