They refused to worship the emperor as a god best describes one of the major reasons that some Roman authorities persecuted the early Christians.

Equitable political representation across class boundaries was not the characteristics in Roman Republic.

Gaius Julius Caesar, mostly known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He marked the transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire about the reign of that leader.

The Edict of Milan was the proclamation that granted religious toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire.

King Philip II of Spain, also known as Philip the Prudent, ruled one of the world's largest empires. His reign as Spain's king began the Golden Age, a period of great cultural growth in literature, music and the visual arts. He was also the King of England through his marriage to Mary Tudor for four years. The Philippines, a former Spanish colony, are named after him.

The Etruscan civilization flourished in central Italy between the 8th and 3rd century BCE. The culture was renowned in antiquity for its rich mineral resources and as a major Mediterranean trading power. Much of its culture and even history was either obliterated or assimilated into that of its conqueror, Rome. Nevertheless, surviving Etruscan tombs, their contents and their wall paintings, as well as the Roman adoption of certain Etruscan clothing, religious practices, and architecture, are convincing testament to the great prosperity and significant contribution to Mediterranean culture achieved by Italy's first great civilization.

The main similarity between Julius Caesar of the Roman Empire and Zhu Di of the Ming dynasty was that both were generals who took over the government. Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician who overthrew the Roman Republic and established the rule of the emperors. Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, reigning from 1402 to 1424. Zhu Di was the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty.

Legalism was a philosophy of administration in ancient China. Upon first acquaintance with this system it seems no more than a rationalization by political administrators for their having total political control of their societies.

The changes that supports the claim that the regional politics of the Mediterranean world changed dramatically in 284 C.E. was the split of the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.

The administrative system of the traditional Chinese government, the members of which were selected by a competitive examination. The Chinese civil-service system gave the Chinese empire stability for more than 2,000 years and provided one of the major outlets for social mobility in Chinese society. It later served as a model for the civil-service systems that developed in other Asian and Western countries. The Qin dynasty (221-207 BC) established the first centralized Chinese bureaucratic empire and thus created the need for an administrative system to staff it. Recruitment into the Qin bureaucracy was based on recommendations by local officials. This system was initially adopted by the succeeding Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), but in 124 BC, under the reign of the Han emperor Wudi, an imperial university was established to train and test officials in the techniques of Confucian government.

Stoicism means that only the educated are free. The founder of stoicism was Zeno of Citium. Epicureanism meant that the gods are not to be feared, death cannot be felt and the good can be won, all that we dread can be conquered. It was founded by Epicurus. There were practical similarities between stoicism and epicureanism. Both were popular in the Roman era, stoicism was followed by the rank and file of Roman citizenry, and epicureanism behind closed doors, especially at the highest levels of the empire.

The Romans started making concrete more than 2,000 years ago. In the later Roman eras, it was re-discovered that adding volcanic ash to the mix allowed it to set underwater. They had a different formula, which resulted in a substance that was not as strong as the modern product. Yet structures like the Pantheon and the Colosseum have survived for centuries, often with little to no maintenance. Geologists, archaeologists and engineers are studying the properties of ancient Roman concrete to solve the mystery of its longevity.

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because China silk comprised a large proportion of the trade along this ancient road, in 1877, it was named the 'Silk Road' by Ferdinand von Richthofen, an eminent German geographer.

Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including Roman Military Jurisdiction and the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence. Initially, Roman Law was only studied by scholars and taught at the universities, Bologna being the first place where Roman Law was taught. Soon Roman Law came to be applied in legal practice especially in the area of civil law. This process of readoption of Roman Law occurred at varied times and to various extents across all of Europe. Thus from about the 16th century onward, Roman Law was in force throughout most of Europe. However, in the process of adoption many Roman rules were amalgamated with, or amended to suit, the legal norms of the various European nations.

Khartoum is the capital and largest city of Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Ethiopia. The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.

Rome is called the Eternal City because ancient Romans believed that no matter what happened to the world or how many empires came and collapsed, Rome would go on forever. The enduring quality of the city continues even to this day, as Rome remains one of the most vibrant cities and a leading tourist destination in Europe

The most important contribution of the ancient Romans was in the field of Roman Law or Politics, including the law that states a person is innocent until proven guilty, and propaganda campaigns including coinage with the current emperor's picture on it, to remind everyone who was in charge of the empire.

The Roman Empire was formally divided into two halves by Diocletian. By 286 CE, the Roman Empire, which was in the midst of an economic crisis, had grown too large to be effectively governed in a single location by a single leader. To remedy this situation, Diocletian divided the empire in two.

The Han Dynasty people were the first to use examinations as a way to choose government officials. The civil service examinations were used as a way to select officials based on merit and ability, rather than family lineage or political connections. This idea came from Confucian philosophy, which seeked a state ruled by men of ability and virtue. This selection process based on merit, meant that even the poorest family could have a member claim a high-ranking position in the government.

The characteristic of the Han dynasty in China was the development of a civil service open to anyone who could pass the requisite examinations.

The Greeks not influence the Romans by the use of concrete in building.

Barbarians from the north invaded Rome and overwhelmed the Empire.

The Etruscans occupied the region to the north of Rome, between the Arno and Tiber Rivers to the west of the Apennine Mountains. The Romans were first a subject people of the Etruscans and later their conquerors. The Etruscan culture was well-developed and advanced but distinctively different from the cultures of the other peoples in the region.

The decline of the Roman Empire began under Commodus.

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West. It was central to cultural interaction between the regions for many centuries.The Silk Road refers to both the terrestrial and the maritime routes connecting Asia with the Middle East and southern Europe.The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk carried out along its length, beginning in the Han dynasty (207 BCE220 CE).Trade on the Road played a significant role in the development of the civilizations of China, Korea, Japan,  the Indian subcontinent, Iran/Persia, Europe, the Horn of Africa and Arabia, opening long-distance political and economic relations between the civilizations.

Alexander's conquest of Iran brought the Greeks to North-western India. Alexander's invasion opened up trade routes and enabled Indian traders to trade on the Silk Route.