Cloning - class-XI
Description: cloning | |
Number of Questions: 28 | |
Created by: Girish Goud | |
Tags: genetics breeding and biotechnology applications of biotechnology biology mutation zoology |
Clone Dolly was produced by the attempts of
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Charles Darwin
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Lederberg
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Ian Wilmut
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None of these
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Sir Ian Wilmut, (born July 7, 1944, Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire, Eng.), British developmental biologist who was the first to use the nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly.
- It was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.
- Hence Clone Dolly was produced by the attempts of Ian Wilmut.
- So, the correct answer is 'Ian Wilmut'.
A clone is a group of.
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Genetically similar organisms produced through asexual reproduction
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Genetically similar organisms produced through sexual reproduction
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Dissimilar organisms produced as a result of asexual reproduction
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Genetically dissimilar organisms produced as a result of sexual reproduction
Cloning is a method to
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Replace original genotype
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Preserve genotype
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Production of HGH gene in Escherichia coli
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None of these
Individuals of a clone have the
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Same behavior.
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Same height.
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Same genome.
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Same number of leaves.
Genetically identical individuals are
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Cybrids
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Clones
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Hybrids
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All of the above
Cybrids are artificial hybrid cell produced by inserting nuclear material from one organism into an enucleated cell. Clones are the population of genetically identical individuals which are produced by asexual or vegetative reproduction. Hybrids are the recombinant individuals, that have genes from both parents and thus, show new combination of traits. Sexual reproduction does not produce clones owing to the three processes that causes recombination of genetic material and produce variations in progeny. These three processes are cross over during meiosis, independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis and random fusion of gametes. The resultant progeny will be a hybrid. Asexual reproduction does not include meiosis and fusion of gametes; omits the variation creating processes and produce clones.
A population of genetically identical individuals, obtained from asexual reproduction is
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Callus
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Clone
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Deme
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Aggregate
The scientist who performed successful animal cloning for the first time is
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Flemming
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Jenner
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Watson
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Ian Wilmut
What is not true about clone?
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They are derived from single parent
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It involves formation and fusion of two gametes
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It involves asexual reproduction
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Clone is a same gene copy of the parent
Clone formation is due to asexual reproduction. As meiosis does not occur here, so no gamete formation, hence no fusion of gametes occurs in clone formation.
Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?
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Rhizopus nigricans
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Retrovirus
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Baculovirus
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Salmonella typhimurium
- Salmonella (S.) typhi is an important intracellular pathogen, exclusively for humans that causes typhoid or enteric fever that make most suitable as a vaccine vector carrying antigens of other pathogens. The hybrids are studied for induced immune response against response to both the Salmonella bacteria and the antigen of the pathogen in under study.
- Retroviral vectors are created by replacing retroviral gag, pol, and env genes with therapeutic gene and used in gene therapy which is the process of introduction of DNA into living human beings in order to treat disease. It is used to replace a missing gene product or to correct mutant alleles.
- Baculoviruses have rod-shaped capsids and large, double-stranded DNA genomes that infect insects. Their polyhedrin gene is replaced with foreign DNA which is expressed at high levels under the control of the endogenous polyhedrin promoter and is mainly used for high-level transient protein expression in insects and insect cells.
- Rhizopus nigricans is used as host vector system for mass synthesis of protein encoded by gene cloned in plasmid vectors.
- So, the correct answer is 'Retrovirus'.
Genetic and acquired diseases can be cured by cloning.
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True
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False
Human cloning has been used to create stem cells which can cure many genetic and acquired diseases. If a person is suffering from kidney disease and requires a new kidney, he can be provided by kidney developed from his own stem cells using cloning technique. This technique is used to create healthy stem cells from a diabetic patient which will produce insulin after successful transplantation into the body. However, cloning technique would be help in curing acquired diseases.
Technique used to detect the DNA in a clone is?
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Polymerase chain reaction
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Gel electrophoresis
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Chromatography
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Autoradiography
The term 'clone' cannot be applied to offspring formed by sexual reproduction because
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Offspring do not possess exact copies of parental DNA
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DNA of only one parent is copied and passed on to the offspring
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Offspring are formed at different times
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DNA of parent and offspring are completely different
During sexual reproduction, fertilization creates a single-celled zygote which includes genetic material from both gametes. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) joins up so that homologous chromosome sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by an exchange of genetic information. Whereas, cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction.
A gene carried by recombinant DNA is cloned when
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It's host bacterium divides by binary fission
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It is transcribed
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It is fragmented by restriction enzymes
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It is hybridized
Vector DNA, with foreign gene is called recombinant DNA. rDNA undergo multiplication by binary fission of host cells or gene cloning process.
So, the correct option is ‘it’s host bacterium divides by binary fisison’.
Name of sheep cloned for the first time is .............
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Dolly
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Polly
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Molly
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Holly
Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. She was cloned by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin institute, based near Edinburgh. She was born on 5 July, 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease 5 months before her seventh birthday. The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone therefore, proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. Hence, option A is correct.
With the help of DNA ligase donor DNA fragment is joined. It is called
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Molecular cloning
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Tissue culture
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Protoplasmic fusion
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Splicing
The technique in which the developing embryo (at definite stage) from a pregnant superior breed is removed and transferred to another female with inferior characters, in whose body further development till birth takes place. Such technique is called as
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Embryo transfer
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Artificial insemination
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Protoplast fusion
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Cloning
- Embryo transfer is the technique in which the developing embryo from a pregnant superior breed is removed and transferred to another female with inferior characters for establishing the pregnancy and in whose body further development takes place till birth. It is used in humans as well as animals.
Offsprings formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity. This is known as
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Clone
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Gamete
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Androecium
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Gynoecium
Cloning is the production of identical genetic copies. All forms of asexual reproduction are variations of the cell division process of mitosis. Asexual reproduction is sometimes called as cloning and the individual copy produced by cloning method is called as a clone.
The nucleus of a donor embryonal cell/somatic cell is transferred to an enucleated egg cell. Then after the formation of an organism, what shall be true?
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Organism will have extranuclear genes of the donor cell
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Organism will have extra nuclear genes of recipient cell
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Organism will have extra nuclear genes of both donor and recipient cell
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Organism will have nuclear genes of recipient cell
It is given that the recipient cell has been enucleated. It means its nucleus or genetic material has been removed. Hence, the organism that will develop from it would have the nuclear genes of donor embryonal/ somatic cell. Hence, the organism will have extra nuclear genes of recipient cell.
'Clones' are individuals that have exactly the same ________.
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Lifespan
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Physiology
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Growth rate
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Genetic makeup
Cloning of animals has been possible due to advances in
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nuclear technology
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computer technology
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biotechnology
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autoradiography
Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones i.e. exact copies of an organism. Biotechnology is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products. Due to the advancement of biotechnological processes like DNA cloning, amplification, isolation, recombination etc. It has been possible to create clones of animals.
Population of cells derived from a single parent cell is called
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Symmetrical cell
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Diploid
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Haploid
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Clone
A large number of bacteria produced from a single bacterium is called as
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Deme
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Population
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Clones
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Offspring
'Cloning' is meant
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For production of HGH gene is E. coli
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To preserve the genotype of organism
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To replace the original gene
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All of the above
Two offsprings having the same genetic material and the same body features, produced by one parent through asexual reproduction, are called as
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Identical twins
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Fraternal twins
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Callus
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Clones
Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?
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Retrovirus
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Baculovirus
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$Salmonella$ $typhimurium$
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$Rhizopus$ $nigricans$
Retroviruses, though have single-stranded RNA genomes but provide perhaps the most promising vector system of all. During the process of reverse transcription, sequences from the termini of viral RNA are duplicated to generate long terminal repeats(LTRs). These long terminal repeats contain both the promoter and the polyadenylation signal for the transcription of viral mRNAs. The specificity of proviral DNA integration is also determined by the long terminal repeats. Although retroviruses can integrate at many sites within the cellular genome, integrative recombination always occurs at particular sites at the ends of the LTRs. The sequences appropriately inserted between the two LTRs will be integrated intact which contrasts sharply with the integration of papovavirus or adenovirus DNA, during which extensive rearrangements of the integrated viral sequences are commonplace. A further great advantage of retroviruses is that they are natural transducing viruses.
Which is not a key step in the process of DNA molecular cloning?
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Heat shock at $42^oC$ for 90 seconds.
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Make DNA competent to take up plasmid with use of calcium chloride
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Seal plasmid carrying targeted genes into host cells genome using ligase.
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Introduce genes for cloning into a plasmid vector using restriction enzymes.
Plants having similar genotypes produced by plant breeding are called as
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Clone
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Haploid
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Autopolypoid
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Genome
Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. The term clone is used in horticulture to refer to descendants of a single plant which were produced by vegetative reproduction. Many horticultural plant cultivars are clones, derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual reproduction.
Dolly is a product of
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Genetic engineering
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Animal cloning
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Cell fusion
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Gene therapy
Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer ie, cloning me.method called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer or SCNT. A clone has the same DNA sequence as its parent and so they are genetically identical. In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced with the nucleus of a donor adult cell. Since 99.9% of the cell’s DNA is contained in the nucleus, the resulting animal will share almost exactly the same DNA as the original donor cell. So, the correct answer is option B.