Geochemical Cycles

Description: This quiz covers various aspects of geochemical cycles, including their importance, components, and processes.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: geochemical cycles biogeochemical cycles carbon cycle nitrogen cycle water cycle
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What is the primary driving force behind the movement of elements and compounds through geochemical cycles?

  1. Solar energy

  2. Gravitational forces

  3. Biological processes

  4. Radioactive decay


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Solar energy is the primary driving force behind the movement of elements and compounds through geochemical cycles. It provides the energy needed for various processes, such as photosynthesis, weathering, and erosion, that facilitate the cycling of elements.

Which of the following is NOT a major component of the carbon cycle?

  1. Atmosphere

  2. Hydrosphere

  3. Biosphere

  4. Lithosphere


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The lithosphere is not a major component of the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle primarily involves the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

In the nitrogen cycle, the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants is known as:

  1. Nitrification

  2. Denitrification

  3. Nitrogen fixation

  4. Ammonification


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants. This process is carried out by certain bacteria and archaea.

The process by which water moves through the Earth's systems, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, is referred to as:

  1. Hydrological cycle

  2. Water cycle

  3. Hydrologic cycle

  4. Water budget


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, describes the movement of water through the Earth's systems.

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect?

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Methane

  3. Water vapor

  4. Nitrogen


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Nitrogen is not a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

The process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller particles due to physical and chemical weathering is known as:

  1. Erosion

  2. Deposition

  3. Weathering

  4. Sedimentation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals break down into smaller particles due to physical and chemical processes.

Which of the following is NOT a type of sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and compaction of organic matter?

  1. Coal

  2. Limestone

  3. Oil shale

  4. Peat


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Limestone is not formed from the accumulation and compaction of organic matter. It is formed from the accumulation and compaction of calcium carbonate.

The process by which dissolved minerals are removed from water and deposited on land is known as:

  1. Precipitation

  2. Evaporation

  3. Condensation

  4. Deposition


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Deposition is the process by which dissolved minerals are removed from water and deposited on land.

Which of the following is NOT a major reservoir of carbon in the Earth's system?

  1. Atmosphere

  2. Hydrosphere

  3. Biosphere

  4. Geosphere


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The geosphere is not a major reservoir of carbon in the Earth's system. The major reservoirs of carbon are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

The process by which organic matter is broken down by microorganisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment, is known as:

  1. Decomposition

  2. Nitrification

  3. Denitrification

  4. Ammonification


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Decomposition is the process by which organic matter is broken down by microorganisms, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

Which of the following is NOT a type of igneous rock formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock?

  1. Basalt

  2. Granite

  3. Sandstone

  4. Rhyolite


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sandstone is not an igneous rock. It is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and compaction of sand grains.

The process by which water seeps into the ground and becomes stored in aquifers is known as:

  1. Infiltration

  2. Evaporation

  3. Condensation

  4. Precipitation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Infiltration is the process by which water seeps into the ground and becomes stored in aquifers.

Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphic rock formed from the alteration of existing rocks under high temperature and pressure?

  1. Slate

  2. Marble

  3. Limestone

  4. Gneiss


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Limestone is not a metamorphic rock. It is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and compaction of calcium carbonate.

The process by which nutrients are cycled between living organisms and their environment is known as:

  1. Biogeochemical cycle

  2. Hydrological cycle

  3. Carbon cycle

  4. Nitrogen cycle


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A biogeochemical cycle is the process by which nutrients are cycled between living organisms and their environment.

Which of the following is NOT a type of sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments?

  1. Sandstone

  2. Limestone

  3. Shale

  4. Igneous rock


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Igneous rock is not a sedimentary rock. It is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock.

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