A complete sentence contains a subject, a verb, and expresses a complete thought. In this case, 'The dog' is the subject, 'chased' is the verb, and 'the ball' is the object.

The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that performs the action of the verb. In this case, 'The boy' is the subject because it is the one who is kicking the ball.

The verb of a sentence is the action or state of being that is being described. In this case, 'Is singing' is the verb because it describes the action that the girl is performing.

A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, an object, and any modifiers of the object. In this case, 'On the table' is a prepositional phrase because it consists of the preposition 'On', the object 'table', and the modifier 'the'.

The object of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that receives the action of the verb. In this case, 'The ball' is the object because it is the thing that is being thrown.

A conjunction is a word that connects two words, phrases, or clauses. In this case, 'And' is a conjunction because it connects the two clauses 'The cat ran' and 'the dog chased the ball'.

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. For example, in the sentence 'The boy kicked the ball', 'boy' is a noun and 'he' is a pronoun.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. In this case, 'Big' is an adjective because it describes the noun 'cat'.

A verb is a word that describes an action or state of being. An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. For example, in the sentence 'The boy ran quickly', 'ran' is a verb and 'quickly' is an adverb.

An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion. In this case, 'Ouch!' is an interjection because it expresses the emotion of pain.

A comma can be used to separate items in a list, indicate a pause in speech, or connect two independent clauses.

A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. In this case, 'Ran quickly' is a sentence fragment because it does not have a subject.

A run-on sentence is two or more complete sentences joined without a comma or conjunction. A comma splice is two or more complete sentences joined with a comma but without a conjunction.

A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause that modifies a noun or pronoun that is not present in the sentence. In this case, 'running quickly' is a dangling modifier because it modifies 'cat', which is not present in the sentence.

In active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb. In passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb.