To increase crop yields.

To reduce soil erosion.

To conserve biodiversity.

To mitigate climate change.

By providing alternative sources of income for farmers.

By increasing the productivity of agricultural land.

By reducing the need for new agricultural land.

By all of the above.

Increased biodiversity.

Improved soil fertility.

Reduced water pollution.

Increased susceptibility to pests and diseases.

Lack of technical knowledge among farmers.

High initial investment costs.

Competition for land between trees and crops.

All of the above.

By reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

By increasing crop yields on existing agricultural land.

By promoting soil conservation practices.

By all of the above.

Minimizing the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

Conserving soil and water resources.

Promoting biodiversity in agricultural systems.

Maximizing crop yields regardless of environmental impact.

Providing financial incentives to farmers.

Offering technical assistance and training.

Raising awareness about the benefits of these practices.

All of the above.

By contributing to food security and nutrition (SDG 2).

By promoting sustainable land use (SDG 15).

By mitigating climate change (SDG 13).

By all of the above.

Trees in agroforestry systems absorb and store carbon dioxide.

Agroforestry practices reduce the need for deforestation, which helps preserve carbon sinks.

Both of the above.

None of the above.

By using efficient irrigation techniques.

By reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, which can pollute water sources.

By promoting soil conservation practices, which help retain water.

By all of the above.

Alley cropping: planting trees or shrubs in rows between crops.

Silvopasture: integrating trees and shrubs into grazing systems.

Forest farming: cultivating non-timber forest products under the shade of trees.

All of the above.

By increasing farmers' incomes through diversification.

By creating employment opportunities in rural areas.

By improving food security and nutrition at the local level.

By all of the above.

Lack of access to land and resources for smallholder farmers.

Limited technical knowledge and capacity among farmers.

Policy and institutional barriers that hinder the adoption of these practices.

All of the above.

By providing financial incentives to farmers.

By investing in research and development of sustainable agricultural technologies.

By developing policies that promote agroforestry and sustainable agriculture.

By all of the above.

The Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact in Brazil.

The Agroforestry Coffee Systems in Ethiopia.

The Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) in Niger.

All of the above.