Federalism is characterized by the division of power between a central government and regional or state governments, each with its own set of responsibilities and authorities.

Switzerland is the oldest federation in the world, with its federal constitution dating back to 1848.

Federalism is often adopted to accommodate diverse cultural, linguistic, and regional interests within a single political entity.

Federalism involves the sharing of sovereignty between a central government and regional or state governments, each with its own powers and responsibilities.

Devolution refers to the transfer of powers from a central government to regional or state governments in a federal system.

Germany has a federal system with a strong central government, known as the Bund, which has significant powers in areas such as foreign policy, defense, and taxation.

Decentralization refers to the process of transferring powers from a central government to regional or state governments in a federal system.

Switzerland has a federal system with a weak central government, known as the Federal Council, which has limited powers and primarily coordinates among the cantons (states).

Unitarism refers to a political system in which power is concentrated in a central government, with limited or no autonomy for regional or state governments.

France has a unitary system of government, with power concentrated in the central government in Paris.

Federalism refers to a political system in which power is shared between a central government and regional or state governments, each with its own powers and responsibilities.

The European Union is a confederal system of government, with power shared among member states and the central institutions of the EU.

Confederalism refers to a political system in which power is concentrated in regional or state governments, with limited authority for a central government.

Canada has a federal system with a strong emphasis on regional autonomy, with provinces having significant powers in areas such as education, healthcare, and natural resource management.

Federalism refers to a political system in which power is divided between a central government and regional or state governments, but the central government has the authority to override decisions made by regional governments.