Agricultural expansion is the leading cause of deforestation, as forests are cleared to make way for crops and livestock.

While forests can contribute to economic development through tourism and other activities, they are primarily valued for their environmental benefits.

Community-based governance, which involves local communities in forest management, has been shown to be the most effective in reducing deforestation.

Lack of political will is often the main challenge to implementing effective forest governance, as governments may not prioritize forest conservation over other economic interests.

Open access is not a type of land tenure system, as it refers to the absence of any formal ownership or management of land.

Open access land tenure systems, where there is no clear ownership or management of land, are most likely to lead to deforestation, as there is no incentive to conserve forests.

Land tenure reform can contribute to reducing deforestation by clarifying property rights, promoting sustainable land use practices, and increasing the value of forests.

International cooperation plays a crucial role in preventing deforestation by providing financial assistance to developing countries, promoting sustainable forest management practices, and creating a global framework for forest conservation.

While climate change is a major threat to forests, it is not a challenge to implementing effective forest governance and land tenure systems.

The needs of local communities should be the primary consideration when designing a forest governance system, as they are the most affected by deforestation and forest degradation.

While environmental protection measures are important for sustainable land management, they are not a key element of a land tenure system.

Forest governance and land tenure systems can be adapted to address the challenges of climate change by promoting the use of climate-smart forestry practices, increasing the resilience of forests to climate change, and reducing the demand for forest products.

Technology can play a crucial role in improving forest governance and land tenure systems by monitoring deforestation and forest degradation, improving the efficiency of forest management, and increasing the transparency of forest governance.

A combination of strict law enforcement, economic incentives for forest conservation, and education and awareness raising is the most promising approach to reducing deforestation in the long term.