Hydropower plants harness the energy from flowing water to generate electricity.

The efficiency of a hydropower plant is heavily dependent on the volume and velocity of water flowing through the turbines.

Efficiency is the measure of how effectively a hydropower plant converts the energy of flowing water into electrical energy.

Kaplan turbines are well-suited for low-head hydropower plants due to their ability to operate efficiently at low water heads.

Draft tubes are designed to reduce cavitation, a phenomenon that can damage turbine blades and impair plant efficiency.

As turbines operate over time, wear and tear can occur, leading to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance requirements.

Carnot Efficiency represents the maximum theoretical efficiency limit for any heat engine, including hydropower plants.

Run-of-the-River hydropower plants rely on the natural flow of water without the need for a reservoir.

Surge tanks are employed to regulate water flow and minimize pressure fluctuations in the penstock.

Water temperature can affect the density and viscosity of water, influencing the efficiency of the turbines.

Pumped-Storage Hydropower involves storing energy by pumping water uphill and releasing it downhill through turbines when electricity demand is high.

Tidal hydropower plants harness the energy from the rise and fall of tides to generate electricity.

Wicket gates are used to control the flow of water through the turbine, regulating the power output of the plant.

Hydropower plants can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and habitats, potentially impacting fish populations and biodiversity.

Capacity Factor is the ratio of the actual power output to the maximum theoretical power output.