Sentencing in the criminal justice system serves multiple purposes, including punishment, rehabilitation, deterrence, and protection of society.

A determinate sentence is a type of sentence where the length of imprisonment is fixed and predetermined by the court.

A presentence investigation is conducted to gather information about the offender's background, circumstances, and risk of recidivism, and to make recommendations to the court regarding sentencing.

Intermediate sanctions are alternatives to traditional incarceration and include options such as home confinement, electronic monitoring, and day reporting centers.

The goal of rehabilitation in corrections is to change the offender's behavior and reduce the likelihood of recidivism, thereby promoting public safety.

Community-based correctional programs include probation, parole, and halfway houses, which allow offenders to serve their sentences in the community under supervision.

A victim impact statement allows the victim to express the impact of the crime on their life, provides information to the court about the harm caused by the crime, and may influence the court's sentencing decision.

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, includes methods such as lethal injection, electrocution, and hanging.

Parole allows offenders to serve the remainder of their sentence in the community under supervision, provides an opportunity for reintegration into society, and helps reduce prison overcrowding.

Restorative justice practices, such as victim-offender mediation, community conferencing, and peacemaking circles, focus on repairing harm caused by crime and promoting healing and accountability.

A sentencing hearing is held to determine the appropriate sentence for an offender, allow the offender to speak on their own behalf, and allow the victim to express the impact of the crime on their life.

Correctional facilities include prisons, jails, and halfway houses, which house offenders sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.

Probation officers supervise offenders on probation, provide guidance and support, and ensure that offenders comply with the conditions of their probation.

Sentencing disparities include racial disparity, gender disparity, and socioeconomic disparity, which refer to differences in sentencing outcomes based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status.

Correctional treatment programs aim to address the underlying causes of criminal behavior, change the offender's behavior and reduce recidivism, and provide offenders with skills and resources to reintegrate into society.