Modernism, a literary movement that flourished in the early 20th century, sought to break away from traditional literary norms and explore new forms of expression.

James Joyce, an Irish writer, is often credited with revolutionizing the novel form through his experimental masterpiece "Ulysses".

Virginia Woolf, an English writer, is known for her innovative use of stream-of-consciousness, a technique that provides a glimpse into the inner workings of her characters' minds.

T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" is considered a seminal work of Modernist poetry, capturing the disillusionment and fragmentation of the post-World War I era.

Traditionalism, a literary movement that arose in the mid-20th century, sought to revive traditional literary forms and values in response to the perceived sterility of Modernism.

T.S. Eliot's essay "Tradition and the Individual Talent" argues for the importance of tradition in literary creation, emphasizing the need for poets to assimilate and transform the literary heritage.

Ezra Pound, an American poet, is known for his innovative use of language and imagery to capture the fragmented and disjointed nature of modern life.

Virginia Woolf's "To the Lighthouse" delves into the lives of the Ramsay family and their relationships, exploring themes of time, memory, and loss.

Collage, a technique often employed in Modernist literature, involves the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated images or ideas to create new meanings and associations.

James Joyce's "Finnegans Wake" is a highly experimental novel known for its complex language, structure, and use of puns and allusions.

Albert Camus' "The Stranger" delves into the theme of alienation and the search for identity, exploring the existential struggles of its protagonist, Meursault.

Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot" is a play that explores the themes of existentialism and the absurdity of human existence through the interactions of two characters, Vladimir and Estragon.

Postmodernism, a literary movement that emerged in the late 20th century, is characterized by its rejection of traditional narrative structures and its focus on fragmented and non-linear storytelling.

Thomas Pynchon's "Gravity's Rainbow" is a postmodern novel known for its complex structure, multiple narratives, and exploration of themes such as entropy and paranoia.

Polyphony, a literary technique often employed in Modernist and Postmodernist literature, involves the use of multiple perspectives or voices to tell a story, often resulting in a fragmented and disjointed narrative.