Hermeneutics is primarily concerned with the interpretation of human communication, encompassing written texts, spoken language, and other forms of symbolic expression.

Friedrich Nietzsche is often credited with laying the foundation for modern hermeneutics through his emphasis on the interpretation of texts and the role of the reader in shaping meaning.

The hermeneutic circle refers to the dynamic process of interpretation, where the understanding of the whole text is informed by the understanding of its parts, and vice versa.

In hermeneutics, the reader is not seen as a passive recipient of meaning, but rather as an active participant in the process of interpretation, bringing their own experiences and understanding to the text.

Exegesis is primarily concerned with the literal, surface-level meaning of a text, while hermeneutics delves into the deeper, symbolic, and metaphorical meanings.

New Historicism is a hermeneutical approach that emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical and cultural context in which a text was produced, as this context shapes the meaning of the text.

Deconstruction in hermeneutics aims to expose the power structures and ideologies that are embedded within a text, challenging traditional interpretations and revealing the ways in which the text perpetuates or subverts these structures.

Reader-Response Criticism is a hermeneutical approach that emphasizes the role of the reader in shaping the meaning of a text, arguing that the reader's experiences, beliefs, and expectations influence their interpretation.

Gadamer's concept of 'horizons of understanding' emphasizes the role of the reader's experiences, beliefs, and expectations in shaping their interpretation of a text, acknowledging that these horizons influence the meaning they derive from the text.

Ricoeur's concept of 'distanciation' in hermeneutics emphasizes the need for a critical distance between the reader and the text, allowing the reader to approach the text with a more objective and reflective stance.

Structuralism in hermeneutics emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between language and reality, arguing that language structures our perception and understanding of the world.

Derrida's concept of 'différance' in hermeneutics highlights the inherent limitations of language in conveying meaning, as it suggests that meaning is constantly deferred and never fully present.

New Historicism in hermeneutics emphasizes the importance of understanding the social and political context in which a text was produced, arguing that this context shapes the meaning of the text.

Foucault's concept of 'discourse' in hermeneutics emphasizes the role of power and ideology in shaping the ways in which we communicate and understand the world.

Iconology in hermeneutics emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between text and image, exploring the ways in which visual representations contribute to the meaning of a text.