Corporations donate to political parties primarily to influence public policy decisions that may impact their business operations, revenue, or industry regulations.

The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) is the primary federal law that regulates corporate donations to political parties and candidates.

Bundling refers to the practice where corporations collect individual employee contributions and donate them in aggregate to a political party or candidate.

Independent expenditures are not subject to contribution limits under FECA as they are not coordinated with a candidate or political party.

Soft money refers to corporate donations that are not subject to contribution limits and are used to support political activities such as voter registration drives, issue advocacy, and party-building efforts.

In Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010), the Supreme Court ruled that corporations have the same First Amendment rights as individuals and can therefore make independent expenditures to support or oppose candidates.

Lobbying refers to the practice of corporations attempting to influence public policy by directly contacting elected officials or government agencies.

Hard money refers to corporate donations that are subject to contribution limits and are made directly to candidates or political parties.

In-kind contributions are corporate donations that are made in the form of goods or services, such as office space, printing, or transportation, rather than cash.

Hard money donations are subject to the same contribution limits as individual donations, while soft money and independent expenditures are not subject to such limits.

Grassroots lobbying refers to the practice of corporations using their employees to contact elected officials or government agencies to advocate for specific policies.

Independent expenditures are not regulated by FECA as they are not coordinated with a candidate or political party.

Astroturfing refers to the practice of corporations creating fake grassroots movements to advocate for specific policies, giving the impression of widespread public support.

Corporate PACs are political action committees established by corporations to raise and donate money to candidates and political parties.

Corporate social responsibility refers to the practice of corporations using their resources to promote their own interests and improve their public image.