The rebec, a bowed string instrument, is considered to be the predecessor of the violin. It was popular in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods.

The ancient Greek musical scale, known as the heptatonic scale, is a seven-note scale that forms the basis of many Western musical traditions.

Ancient Greek musicians were known for their use of polyphony, which involved combining multiple melodic lines to create a richer and more complex musical texture.

The Natya Shastra, written by the ancient Indian sage Bharata Muni, is a comprehensive treatise on the performing arts, including music, dance, and drama.

The gong, a large metal disc, is a percussion instrument that is struck with a mallet to produce a deep, resonant sound.

The ancient Chinese musical scale, known as the pentatonic scale, is a five-note scale that is commonly used in traditional Chinese music.

Panpipes, a series of graduated pipes that are blown across to produce sound, are considered to be the predecessors of the modern flute.

The lyre, a stringed instrument with a rounded body and a yoke-shaped frame, was popular in ancient Egypt and other ancient civilizations.

The harp, a stringed instrument with a triangular frame and a series of strings that are plucked, is one of the oldest musical instruments in history.

The aulos, a double-reed wind instrument, was widely used in ancient Greece for both musical and ceremonial purposes.

The lituus, a curved metal trumpet, is considered to be the predecessor of the modern trumpet.

The tympanum, a small drum with a circular frame and a skin head, was used in ancient Rome for both musical and military purposes.

The recorder, a woodwind instrument with a series of holes that are covered and uncovered to produce sound, was popular in Renaissance and Baroque music.

The guzheng, a Chinese zither with a long, rectangular body and a series of strings, is a traditional instrument used in Chinese classical music.

The clavichord, a keyboard instrument with strings that are struck by tangents, is considered to be the predecessor of the modern piano.