Robert Falcon Scott led several expeditions to Antarctica, including the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, during which he discovered the Ross Ice Shelf.

Hiram Bingham III, an American explorer and historian, is credited with discovering the ruins of Machu Picchu in 1911.

Robert Peary, an American explorer, is widely recognized as the first person to reach the North Pole in 1909.

Bedouin shepherds accidentally discovered the Dead Sea Scrolls in caves near Qumran, Israel, in 1947.

Heinrich Schliemann, a German archaeologist, is credited with discovering the ruins of the ancient city of Troy in the 19th century.

Howard Carter, a British archaeologist, discovered the intact tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings in 1922.

Percy Fawcett, a British explorer, conducted several expeditions to the Amazon rainforest, focusing on documenting indigenous cultures and searching for a lost city.

Napoleon Bonaparte's troops discovered the Rosetta Stone in Egypt in 1799, which later played a crucial role in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Henry Morton Stanley, a Welsh-American explorer, conducted several expeditions to the Congo Basin, documenting African wildlife and contributing to the exploration of Central Africa.

Giuseppe Fiorelli, an Italian archaeologist, is credited with discovering the ruins of Pompeii in the 19th century, using innovative excavation techniques.

Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, successfully navigated the Northwest Passage in 1903-1906, becoming the first person to complete the journey.

Henri Mouhot, a French naturalist and explorer, discovered the ruins of Angkor in 1860, bringing the ancient city to the attention of the world.

Heinrich Barth, a German explorer, conducted extensive expeditions in the Sahara Desert in the 19th century, documenting ancient rock art and contributing to the understanding of the region's history.

R. D. Banerji, an Indian archaeologist, discovered the ruins of Mohenjo-daro in 1922, shedding light on the Indus Valley Civilization.

Roy Chapman Andrews, an American explorer and naturalist, led several expeditions to the Gobi Desert in the early 20th century, resulting in significant discoveries of dinosaur fossils.