Ensuring that all students have equal access to assessment opportunities.

Protecting the privacy of student data.

Using assessment results to inform instruction and improve student learning.

Ensuring that assessment results are accurate and reliable.

Using a test that is not aligned with the curriculum.

Failing to provide students with feedback on their assessment results.

Using assessment results to make decisions about students' placement in academic programs.

All of the above.

All students should have equal access to assessment opportunities.

Assessment results should be used to inform instruction and improve student learning.

Assessment results should be accurate and reliable.

All of the above.

All students should have equal access to assessment opportunities.

Assessment results should be used to inform instruction and improve student learning.

Assessment results should be accurate and reliable.

Assessment results should not be used to make decisions about students' placement in academic programs.

Assessment results should be based on evidence.

Assessment results should be reliable.

Assessment results should be valid.

All of the above.

Assessment results should be consistent over time.

Assessment results should be consistent across different raters.

Assessment results should be consistent across different assessment methods.

All of the above.

Assessment results should measure what they are intended to measure.

Assessment results should be related to other measures of the same construct.

Assessment results should be able to predict future performance.

All of the above.

Bias in assessment instruments.

Unequal access to educational opportunities.

Inadequate teacher preparation.

All of the above.

Using multiple assessment methods.

Providing training to teachers on how to use assessment instruments fairly.

Reviewing assessment instruments for bias.

All of the above.

Providing funding for early childhood education.

Ensuring that all students have access to high-quality teachers.

Providing support services for students from disadvantaged backgrounds.

All of the above.

Providing teachers with training on how to use assessment instruments fairly.

Providing teachers with training on how to interpret assessment results.

Providing teachers with training on how to use assessment results to inform instruction.

All of the above.

Using assessment results to make decisions about students' placement in academic programs.

Using assessment results to make decisions about students' promotion or graduation.

Using assessment results to make decisions about students' eligibility for special education services.

All of the above.

Using assessment results to inform instruction and improve student learning.

Providing students with feedback on their assessment results.

Involving students in the assessment process.

All of the above.

The use of artificial intelligence in assessment.

The use of social media data in assessment.

The use of biometric data in assessment.

All of the above.

By engaging in ongoing dialogue about the ethical implications of assessment.

By developing ethical guidelines for the use of assessment.

By providing training to educators on the ethical issues in assessment.

All of the above.