Existentialists argue that the commodification of human relationships, where individuals are treated as objects to be bought and sold, leads to a sense of alienation and estrangement.

Karl Marx, a philosopher and economist, first used the term 'alienation' to describe the estrangement of workers from their labor and the products of their labor under capitalism.

Existentialists argue that alienation leads to a sense of meaninglessness and purposelessness, a lack of authentic relationships, and a loss of individual identity.

Albert Camus, in his essay 'The Myth of Sisyphus', explored the concept of the absurd and the futility of human existence through the story of Sisyphus.

Existentialists propose that individuals can overcome the despair of alienation by embracing the absurd and living authentically, seeking meaning and purpose in life, and cultivating genuine relationships.

Existential dread refers to the anxiety and fear that arise from the realization of one's own mortality and the meaninglessness of existence.

Jean-Paul Sartre, in his work 'Existentialism is a Humanism', emphasized the importance of individual freedom and responsibility in creating meaning and purpose in life.

Solipsism is the philosophical position that the self is the only thing that can be known with certainty, and that the external world is merely a product of one's own mind.

Jean-Paul Sartre, in his work 'Being and Nothingness', explored the concept of bad faith as a form of self-deception and inauthenticity.

Existential freedom refers to the idea that individuals have the power to make choices and shape their own lives, regardless of the circumstances they find themselves in.

Albert Camus, in his work 'The Myth of Sisyphus', advocated for embracing the absurd and living life with passion and intensity.

Existential responsibility refers to the idea that individuals are ultimately responsible for their own choices and actions, and cannot blame external factors for their failures.

Søren Kierkegaard, in his work 'Fear and Trembling', explored the concept of the leap of faith as a necessary step in religious belief.

Carpe diem is a Latin phrase that means 'seize the day' and refers to the existentialist belief that individuals should live in the present moment and embrace the fleeting nature of existence.

Friedrich Nietzsche, in his work 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra', advocated for individuals to create their own values and meaning in life, rather than relying on traditional or societal norms.