To establish the authenticity and accuracy of historical sources

To identify the biases and limitations of historical sources

To determine the causes and consequences of historical events

To evaluate the significance of historical events

Written documents

Oral traditions

Archaeological artifacts

Natural phenomena

Primary sources are created during the time period being studied, while secondary sources are created later.

Primary sources are created by eyewitnesses, while secondary sources are created by historians.

Primary sources are more reliable than secondary sources.

All of the above

It helps historians to understand the context in which the sources were created.

It helps historians to identify the potential errors in the sources.

It helps historians to evaluate the significance of the sources.

All of the above

Historical causation is the study of the causes of historical events, while historical explanation is the study of the meaning of historical events.

Historical causation is the study of the immediate causes of historical events, while historical explanation is the study of the long-term causes of historical events.

Historical causation is the study of the necessary causes of historical events, while historical explanation is the study of the sufficient causes of historical events.

None of the above

Immediate causes

Long-term causes

Necessary causes

Sufficient causes

All of the above

A necessary cause is a cause that is always present when an event occurs, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is always sufficient to produce an event.

A necessary cause is a cause that is sometimes present when an event occurs, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is always sufficient to produce an event.

A necessary cause is a cause that is always present when an event occurs, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is sometimes sufficient to produce an event.

None of the above

The problem of overdetermination occurs when there are too many causes of an event.

The problem of overdetermination occurs when there are too few causes of an event.

The problem of overdetermination occurs when the causes of an event are not known.

None of the above

A monocausal explanation is an explanation that identifies a single cause of an event, while a multicausal explanation is an explanation that identifies multiple causes of an event.

A monocausal explanation is an explanation that identifies the most important cause of an event, while a multicausal explanation is an explanation that identifies all of the causes of an event.

A monocausal explanation is an explanation that is based on evidence, while a multicausal explanation is an explanation that is based on speculation.

None of the above

Monocausal explanations are simpler and easier to understand, while multicausal explanations are more complex and difficult to understand.

Monocausal explanations are more likely to be accurate, while multicausal explanations are more likely to be incomplete.

Monocausal explanations are more likely to be biased, while multicausal explanations are more likely to be objective.

All of the above

Counterfactuals are used to imagine what would have happened if a particular event had not occurred.

Counterfactuals are used to identify the necessary and sufficient causes of an event.

Counterfactuals are used to evaluate the significance of an event.

All of the above

Counterfactuals are often based on speculation.

Counterfactuals are difficult to test.

Counterfactuals can be biased.

All of the above

A deterministic explanation is an explanation that states that an event was caused by a single factor, while a probabilistic explanation is an explanation that states that an event was caused by a combination of factors.

A deterministic explanation is an explanation that states that an event was caused by a necessary and sufficient cause, while a probabilistic explanation is an explanation that states that an event was caused by a probable cause.

A deterministic explanation is an explanation that states that an event was caused by a factor that is known, while a probabilistic explanation is an explanation that states that an event was caused by a factor that is unknown.

None of the above

Deterministic explanations are simpler and easier to understand, while probabilistic explanations are more complex and difficult to understand.

Deterministic explanations are more likely to be accurate, while probabilistic explanations are more likely to be incomplete.

Deterministic explanations are more likely to be biased, while probabilistic explanations are more likely to be objective.

All of the above

Theory provides a framework for understanding historical events.

Theory helps historians to identify the causes of historical events.

Theory helps historians to evaluate the significance of historical events.

All of the above

Theory can be biased.

Theory can be difficult to apply to specific historical events.

Theory can lead to oversimplification of historical events.

All of the above