Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms that provide valuable evidence of past life forms and help scientists understand the history of life on Earth.

Petrified fossils are formed when minerals replace the organic material of an organism, resulting in a solid and durable fossil.

Fossilization is the process by which the remains or traces of an organism are preserved in the Earth's crust.

Trace fossils are formed when an organism's activities, such as footprints or burrows, are preserved in the Earth's crust.

Paleontology is the scientific study of fossils and ancient life.

Cast fossils are formed when a mold of an organism is filled with sediment or minerals, creating a solid and durable fossil.

Diagenesis is the process by which organic material is converted into a fossil through a series of chemical and physical changes.

Mold fossils are formed when an organism's hard parts are preserved in their original form, often as an impression in sediment or rock.

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of fossils in space and time, helping scientists understand the geographic and temporal patterns of ancient life.

Petrified fossils are formed when an organism's hard parts are preserved in a mineralized form, often replacing the original organic material.

Paleoecology is the study of the relationship between fossils and their environment, helping scientists reconstruct ancient ecosystems and understand the interactions between organisms and their surroundings.

Soft parts of organisms are rarely preserved as fossils due to their delicate nature and susceptibility to decay.

Stratigraphy is the study of the sequence of rock layers and the fossils they contain, helping scientists understand the geological history of an area and the relative ages of fossils.

Cast fossils are formed when an organism's hard parts are preserved in a mold or cast, often as a solid and durable fossil.

Evolutionary biology is the study of the evolution of life on Earth, including the processes that drive evolutionary change and the patterns of diversification and extinction.