Joe Biden won the popular vote in the 2020 United States presidential election, receiving 81,283,098 votes compared to Donald Trump's 74,223,744 votes.

Political polarization refers to the growing divide and animosity between political parties and their supporters, leading to a lack of compromise and cooperation in political discourse.

The United States has experienced a significant increase in political polarization in recent years, with a growing divide between the Republican and Democratic parties and their supporters.

Economic inequality is considered a primary cause of political polarization in the United States, as it leads to different economic interests and values among different groups of people.

Political polarization often leads to gridlock and a lack of compromise in legislative bodies, as parties become more entrenched in their positions and less willing to work together.

Political polarization can lead to increased social unrest and division, erosion of trust in democratic institutions, and heightened political violence.

While social media can be a tool for political engagement, it can also contribute to political polarization by amplifying extreme views and creating echo chambers.

Citizens can contribute to reducing political polarization by engaging in respectful dialogue, supporting independent media, and voting for candidates who prioritize compromise and bipartisanship.

The media can contribute to political polarization by amplifying extreme views and creating echo chambers, where individuals are exposed to information that reinforces their existing beliefs.

Gerrymandering involves drawing electoral district boundaries to favor one political party, giving that party an unfair advantage in elections.

Gerrymandering creates safe districts where one party is almost guaranteed to win, reducing competition and discouraging moderate candidates from running for office.

Identity politics refers to the tendency of voters to align with a particular political party based on their social and cultural identities, such as race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation.

Identity politics can contribute to political polarization by reinforcing group-based divisions and stereotypes, leading to a lack of understanding and empathy among different groups.

Negative campaigning refers to the increasing use of negative advertising and personal attacks in political campaigns, aiming to discredit opponents and influence voters' perceptions.

Negative campaigning can contribute to political polarization by reinforcing group-based divisions and stereotypes, as candidates focus on attacking their opponents rather than presenting their own policies and ideas.