Modernism emerged as a significant literary movement in the early 20th century, characterized by a break from traditional forms and conventions, experimentation with language and structure, and a focus on subjective experience and the inner world.

James Joyce is widely regarded as a pioneer of Modernist literature. His innovative use of stream-of-consciousness technique, particularly in his novel "Ulysses," revolutionized the way writers explored the inner thoughts and emotions of characters.

Virginia Woolf's "Mrs. Dalloway" is a notable example of a Modernist novel that captures the fragmented and disjointed nature of modern life through the use of multiple perspectives and a stream-of-consciousness narrative style.

T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" is renowned for its extensive use of allusion, drawing references from various literary, historical, and mythological sources to create a complex and multi-layered narrative.

Albert Camus's "The Stranger" is a significant Modernist novel that delves into themes of alienation, existentialism, and the absurdity of life through the experiences of its protagonist, Meursault.

"To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf explores the themes of time, memory, and the fleeting nature of human existence, as well as the relationship between art and life.

Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot" is a seminal Modernist play that explores themes of existentialism, absurdity, and the futility of human existence through the interactions of two characters, Vladimir and Estragon.

The stream-of-consciousness technique enables writers to delve into the inner thoughts, emotions, and associations of characters, providing a deeper understanding of their psychological states and motivations.

James Joyce's "Ulysses" is a complex and challenging Modernist novel that delves into themes of identity, alienation, and the search for meaning in a fragmented and chaotic world.

Modernist writers often employed fragmentation and discontinuity to reflect the fragmented and disjointed nature of modern life, capturing the sense of alienation and uncertainty that characterized the early 20th century.

Franz Kafka's "The Trial" is a significant Modernist novel that explores themes of alienation, bureaucracy, and the absurdity of existence through the experiences of its protagonist, Josef K.

"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" by T.S. Eliot explores themes of existentialism, alienation, and the difficulty of finding meaning and connection in a modern world.

William Faulkner's "The Sound and the Fury" is a complex and challenging Modernist novel that explores themes of family, race, and the American South through the perspectives of multiple characters.

The use of interior monologue in Modernist literature enables writers to delve into the inner thoughts, emotions, and associations of characters, providing a deeper understanding of their psychological states and motivations.

Virginia Woolf's "Mrs. Dalloway" is a significant Modernist novel that explores themes of time, memory, and the fleeting nature of human existence through the experiences of its protagonist, Clarissa Dalloway.