To predict the outcome of an election

To gauge public opinion on candidates and issues

To inform voters about the candidates and issues

To increase voter turnout

Polls are conducted before an election, while surveys are conducted after an election

Polls are conducted to predict the outcome of an election, while surveys are conducted to understand voter behavior

Polls are conducted among a sample of the population, while surveys are conducted among the entire population

Polls are conducted by government agencies, while surveys are conducted by private organizations

Telephone poll

Internet poll

Mail poll

In-person poll

The percentage of respondents who are undecided

The difference between the number of respondents who support a candidate and the number who oppose them

The range of values within which the true population proportion is likely to fall

The number of respondents who are ineligible to vote

A random sample is selected from the entire population, while a convenience sample is selected from a specific group of people

A random sample is selected using a probability-based method, while a convenience sample is selected using a non-probability-based method

A random sample is more representative of the population than a convenience sample

All of the above

The percentage of people who are contacted for the survey

The percentage of people who agree to participate in the survey

The percentage of people who complete the survey

The percentage of people who are eligible to vote

A leading question is designed to influence the respondent's answer, while a neutral question is not

A leading question is more likely to produce a biased response than a neutral question

A leading question is more likely to produce a socially desirable response than a neutral question

All of the above

To adjust the sample to match the population on certain demographic characteristics

To reduce the margin of error

To increase the response rate

To make the survey more representative of the population

A cross-sectional survey collects data from a sample of the population at a single point in time, while a longitudinal survey collects data from the same sample of people over a period of time

A cross-sectional survey is more expensive to conduct than a longitudinal survey

A cross-sectional survey is more likely to produce biased results than a longitudinal survey

A cross-sectional survey is more likely to produce generalizable results than a longitudinal survey

Qualitative research methods collect data in the form of words, while quantitative research methods collect data in the form of numbers

Qualitative research methods are more subjective than quantitative research methods

Qualitative research methods are more exploratory than quantitative research methods

All of the above

To generate ideas for a new product or service

To test the effectiveness of a new advertising campaign

To gather in-depth information about people's attitudes and beliefs

All of the above

Content analysis focuses on the manifest content of a text, while discourse analysis focuses on the latent content

Content analysis is more quantitative than discourse analysis

Content analysis is more objective than discourse analysis

All of the above

To combine the results of multiple studies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon

To identify the most effective research methods for studying a particular phenomenon

To develop new theories and hypotheses

All of the above

A correlation is a relationship between two variables, while a causal relationship is a relationship in which one variable causes the other

A correlation can be positive or negative, while a causal relationship is always positive

A correlation can be strong or weak, while a causal relationship is always strong

A correlation can be spurious, while a causal relationship is always real