Government regulations do not directly influence pharmaceutical pricing. However, they can indirectly affect pricing by imposing certain requirements on pharmaceutical companies, such as the need to conduct clinical trials or obtain regulatory approval.

Price discrimination is the practice of charging different prices for the same product in different markets. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company charges a higher price for a drug in a country with a higher demand for the drug or when a company charges a lower price in a country with a lower demand for the drug.

Price gouging is the practice of selling a product at a price that is significantly higher than its cost of production. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company takes advantage of a sudden increase in demand for a drug, such as during a natural disaster or a public health emergency.

Parallel trade is the practice of importing a drug from a country where it is sold at a lower price and then selling it in a country where it is sold at a higher price. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company charges a higher price for a drug in one country than it does in another country.

Arbitrage is the practice of buying a drug in one country and then selling it in another country at a higher price. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company charges a higher price for a drug in one country than it does in another country.

Below-cost pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is lower than its cost of production. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a generic drug.

Competitive pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a generic drug.

Generic pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a brand-name drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a brand-name drug.

Follow-on pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing generic drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a generic drug.

Me-too pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing follow-on drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a follow-on drug.

Incremental pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing me-too drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a me-too drug.

Value-based pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing incremental drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with an incremental drug.

Risk-sharing pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing value-based drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a value-based drug.

Outcome-based pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing risk-sharing drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with a risk-sharing drug.

Performance-based pricing is the practice of selling a drug at a price that is higher than its cost of production but lower than the price of a competing outcome-based drug. This can occur when a pharmaceutical company is trying to gain market share or when a company is trying to compete with an outcome-based drug.