Natural decomposition of organic matter is not a major source of plastic pollution in the oceans. Plastic pollution primarily originates from human activities, such as the production, use, and disposal of plastic products.

Microplastics, which are tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, are particularly harmful to marine life. They can be ingested by a wide range of organisms, including fish, seabirds, and marine mammals, and can cause various health problems.

Plastic pollution can block sunlight from reaching coral reefs, which prevents photosynthesis and can lead to coral bleaching and death. Coral reefs are highly sensitive to changes in light and temperature, and plastic pollution can disrupt their delicate ecosystem.

Sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to entanglement in plastic debris due to their feeding habits and migratory patterns. They often mistake plastic bags and other debris for food, which can lead to ingestion and entanglement. Entanglement can cause injury, infection, and even death.

Physical entanglement is the primary mechanism by which plastic pollution harms marine life. Marine animals can become entangled in plastic debris, such as fishing nets, ropes, and bags, which can restrict their movement, cause injury, and lead to death.

Plastic pollution can disrupt the natural food web by introducing non-native species, altering the behavior of marine animals, and reducing the availability of food sources. Plastic debris can also accumulate in the digestive tracts of marine animals, leading to malnutrition and starvation.

Increasing the demand for plastic products is not a potential solution to address plastic pollution in the oceans. Instead, efforts should focus on reducing the production and consumption of plastic products, improving waste management and recycling systems, and promoting the use of sustainable alternatives.

Fragmentation is the term used to describe the process of plastic breaking down into smaller pieces over time. This process can be caused by various factors, such as wave action, sunlight, and mechanical stress.

Biodegradable plastics are designed to degrade more quickly than traditional plastics through the action of microorganisms. They are typically made from plant-based materials, such as corn starch or cellulose.

The difficulty in separating different types of plastics is a major challenge associated with recycling plastic waste. Different types of plastics have different chemical compositions and properties, which makes it difficult to sort and recycle them efficiently.

Improved air quality due to reduced plastic production is not a potential impact of plastic pollution on human health. Plastic production can release harmful chemicals into the air, but reducing plastic production alone is unlikely to significantly improve air quality.

Plastic soup is the term used to describe the accumulation of plastic waste in the oceans. It refers to the vast amount of plastic debris, including microplastics, that floats on the surface of the ocean or is suspended in the water column.

China is considered to be the largest contributor to plastic pollution in the oceans due to its high rate of plastic production and consumption, as well as its lack of effective waste management systems.

The estimated amount of plastic waste that ends up in the oceans each year is approximately 8 million tons. This amount is equivalent to the weight of over 800,000 African elephants.

The Basel Convention is an international agreement that aims to reduce plastic pollution in the oceans by controlling the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes, including plastic waste. It also promotes the environmentally sound management of plastic waste.