Geochemical research frontiers encompass a wide range of topics, including the composition and evolution of Earth's materials, the geochemical processes that shape Earth's environment, and the development of new analytical techniques for geochemical analysis.

Paleoclimatology is the study of past climates, and while it is related to geochemistry, it is not a major area of geochemical research.

Cosmochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of meteorites, as well as other extraterrestrial materials such as asteroids and comets.

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles, erosion transports these particles away, and deposition causes them to accumulate in new locations, where they can eventually become cemented together to form sedimentary rocks.

Geomicrobiology is the study of the interactions between microorganisms and geochemical processes. Microorganisms can play a significant role in geochemical processes, such as the cycling of nutrients, the formation of minerals, and the degradation of pollutants.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry are all geochemical techniques used to measure the concentration of elements in a sample.

Hydrogeology is the study of the chemical composition of groundwater, as well as the movement and storage of groundwater in aquifers.

Igneous rocks are formed through the process of magmatism, which involves the cooling and solidification of molten rock (magma or lava).

Mantle Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the Earth's mantle, which is the layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core.

Radiocarbon dating, potassium-argon dating, and uranium-lead dating are all geochemical techniques used to determine the age of rocks and minerals.

Core Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the Earth's core, which is the innermost layer of the Earth.

Metamorphic rocks are formed through the process of metamorphism, which involves the transformation of existing rocks into new rocks under the influence of heat, pressure, and chemical reactions.

Crustal Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the Earth's crust, which is the outermost layer of the Earth.

X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy are all geochemical techniques used to identify the different minerals in a rock sample.

Atmospheric Chemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the Earth's atmosphere, as well as the chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere.