Intelligent design is not a theory of evolution because it does not rely on natural processes to explain the diversity of life.

Charles Darwin is considered the father of evolution because he published the theory of natural selection in his book On the Origin of Species.

Artificial selection is the process by which humans have selectively bred plants and animals for desired traits.

Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits in response to similar environmental pressures. The wings of birds and bats are an example of convergent evolution because they both evolved to allow for flight.

Divergent evolution is the process by which related organisms evolve different traits in response to different environmental pressures. The digestive system of cows and sheep is an example of divergent evolution because they have evolved different adaptations to their different diets.

The theory of common descent states that all living things are descended from a common ancestor. This theory is supported by a wide range of evidence, including the fossil record, the genetic similarities between different organisms, and the geographical distribution of species.

A vestigial structure is a structure that has no apparent function in an organism. The appendix in humans is an example of a vestigial structure because it is no longer used for digestion.

A homologous structure is a structure that has the same basic form and developmental origin in different organisms. The wings of birds and bats are an example of homologous structures because they both evolved from the forelimbs of a common ancestor.

An analogous structure is a structure that has a similar function in different organisms but does not have the same basic form or developmental origin. The eyes of humans and octopuses are an example of analogous structures because they both evolved to allow for vision, but they have different structures and developmental origins.

Microevolution is the process by which small changes in the genetic material of a population occur over time. The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of microevolution because it is a small change in the genetic material of a population that has occurred over time.

Macroevolution is the process by which large changes in the genetic material of a population occur over time. The evolution of new species is an example of macroevolution because it is a large change in the genetic material of a population that has occurred over time.

A transitional fossil is a fossil that shows evidence of the evolution of one species into another. Archaeopteryx, Tiktaalik, and Ambulocetus are all examples of transitional fossils.

A living fossil is a species that has survived relatively unchanged for a long period of time. The coelacanth, the horseshoe crab, and the ginkgo tree are all examples of living fossils.

Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits in response to similar environmental pressures. The wings of birds and bats are an example of convergent evolution because they both evolved to allow for flight.

Divergent evolution is the process by which related organisms evolve different traits in response to different environmental pressures. The digestive system of cows and sheep is an example of divergent evolution because they have evolved different adaptations to their different diets.