VLANs are used for different LANs to communicate with them effectively.

A VLAN cannot extend beyond its physical boundary across a WAN.

VLANs provide improved performance as compared to LAN.

All of the above

Both (1) and (3)

The routing protocols are responsible for the communication among networking devices.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is used to route information packets over the Internet.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is used for communication of the networking mediums.

All of the above

Both (1) and (3)

In multicast communication, the sender transmits only one copy of data and it is processed to many devices.

There must be only one sender and one receiver in multicast communication.

Downloading a file from a FTP server is an example of multicast communication.

Both (1) and (2)

Both (2) and (3)

It is a distance vector routing protocol.

IGRP protocol is suitable in case of large networks.

IGRP supports multiple paths.

All of the above

Both (1) and (3)

It is based on multicast updates.

It supports triggered updates.

It supports variable-length subnet masking (VLSM).

It provides user authentication.

All of the above

It includes all area border routers and also routers connecting to different areas.

It has only OSPF neighbour relationships with routers in the same area.

It connects one or more OSPF areas to the main backbone network.

It is an interface elected among all routers on a network segment.

All of the above

RIP is called distance-vector routing protocol.

RIP uses the criteria like the link's speed, delay, packet size, loading and reliability to determine the best path.

The time to converge and scalability are poor in RIP protocols.

In RIP, the maximum allowable number of hops a packet can traverse in an IP network implementing RIP is 15 hops.

Both (2) and (4)

It provides better management and troubleshooting.

It provides better scalability.

It provides better redundancy.

All of the above

Both (2) and (3)

OSPF protocol is a link state protocol.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a classless protocol.

It requires more memory.

Every router in an OSPF network needs a unique OSPF router id.

All of the above

This protocol used in the packet switching networks for computer communications.

Link state routing protocol uses the Bellman–Ford algorithm.

Link state routing protocols have less computational complexity and message overhead.

All of the above

Both (2) and (3)

It includes all area border routers and also routers connecting different areas.

It has only OSPF neighbour relationships with routers in the same area.

It connects one or more OSPF areas to the main backbone network.

It is an interface elected among all routers on a network segment.

All of the above

It includes all area border routers and also routers connecting different areas.

It has only OSPF neighbour relationships with routers in the same area.

It connects one or more OSPF areas to the main backbone network.

It is an interface elected among all routers on a network segment.

Both (3) and (4)

Hubs are the network infrastructure devices used for Local Area Network (LAN).

In a hub, if the two network devices on the same network try to send packets at the same time, then a collision is possible.

Hubs segment large networks into logical segments called subnets.

All of the above

Both (1) and (2)

Each port of a network switch has a separate collision domain.

A network switch has only a few ports and connects with only a few collision domains or hosts.

A bridge has comparatively less ports than a network switch.

The network switches operate at the data link layer of the OSI model.

Both (1) and (2)

They provide ease of network maintenance.

They reduce the cost.

VLANs provide better security as compared to LANs.

VLANs provide improved performance as compared to LANs.

All of the above

It is a unique number on this router that groups a series of OSPF configuration commands under a specific running process.

It is a mask of bits that indicates the availability of the IP address for the particular network.

It gives the routing updates to OSPF protocol.

It determines the size of a network or subnet for some routing protocols.

Both (2) and (4)

This protocol is used to interconnect two VLAN-capable Ethernet.

The protocol provides authenticity or integrity to the data.

This protocol interconnects multiple switches and routers.

This protocol does not provide any connectivity for the VLANs.

Both (2) and (3)

This protocol is used to interconnect two VLAN-capable Ethernets.

The protocol provides authentication and encryption techniques to ensure data confidentiality and integrity.

This protocol interconnects multiple switches and routers.

This protocol does not provide any connectivity for the VLANs.

None of the above

This protocol is used to interconnect two VLAN-capable Ethernet.

The protocol provides authenticity or integrity to the data.

This protocol interconnects multiple switches and routers.

All of the above

Both (2) and (3)

This protocol is used to interconnect two VLAN-capable Ethernet.

The protocol provides authenticity or integrity to the data.

This protocol interconnects multiple switches and routers.

By using LANE protocol, applications can use normal LAN functions without the underlying complexities of the ATM implementation.

Both (2) and (3)