Alexander the Great founded the Library of Alexandria in Egypt, which became a renowned center for scholarship and research in the ancient world.

Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, initiated the construction of the Great Wall of China as a defensive measure against nomadic invasions.

Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher and mathematician, is credited with developing the Pythagorean theorem, which relates the sides of a right triangle.

Vespasian, a Roman emperor, commissioned the construction of the Colosseum, which became a symbol of Roman power and entertainment.

Khufu, also known as Cheops, is credited with building the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Hammurabi, a Babylonian king, is known for establishing the Code of Hammurabi, a comprehensive set of laws that regulated various aspects of Mesopotamian society.

Sher Shah Suri, a 16th-century Indian ruler, is known for building the Grand Trunk Road, which facilitated trade and communication across the Indian subcontinent.

Hippocrates, a Greek physician, is regarded as the father of medicine and is known for his emphasis on observation, diagnosis, and treatment.

Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, is known for the construction of the Terracotta Army, which was discovered near his tomb in Xi'an.

Appius Claudius Caecus, a Roman statesman, is credited with constructing the Appian Way, which played a significant role in the expansion of the Roman Empire.

Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer and mathematician, developed a geocentric model of the universe, which was widely accepted until the rise of heliocentric theories.

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is regarded as the father of mathematics in India and made significant contributions to various mathematical fields.

Akhenaten, an Egyptian pharaoh, is known for his religious reforms and the construction of the Abu Simbel temples and the city of Amarna.

Hua Tuo, a Chinese physician, is regarded as the father of Chinese medicine and is known for his contributions to various medical fields, including surgery and anesthesia.

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, is known for his contributions to logic, ethics, and politics, and is considered one of the most influential philosophers in history.