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The Fundamental Unit Of Life

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Which of the following is a multicellular organism?

  1. Amoeba

  2. Yeast

  3. Human body

  4. Archaebacteria

  5. Eubacteria


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option. The human body is a multicellular organism as it is composed of more than 200 different kinds of cells.

Who coined the term protoplasm for the fluid substance of the cell?

  1. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

  2. Purkinje

  3. Virchow

  4. Robert Hooke

  5. Haeckel


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. All cells are capable of carrying out basic functions like nutrition, respiration, growth and reproduction. b. All the cells use different mechanisms for energy metabolism. c. In multicellular organisms, cells are specialised to perform different functions of the body so that there is a division of labour within the cell.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this statement is false. All the cells use same basic, and not different mechanisms for energy metabolism.

Which of the following is responsible for secreting a proenzyme of protein digestive enzyme called pepsiogen?

  1. Zymogen cells

  2. Mucous cells

  3. Cardiac muscle cells

  4. Skeletal muscle cells

  5. Parietal cells


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option as zymogen cells are responsible for secreting a proenzyme of protein digestive enzyme called pepsiogen.

Which of the following is/are present in a eukaryotic cell, but absent in a prokaryotic cell?

  1. Plasma membrane

  2. Nucleolus

  3. Flagellum

  4. Ribosomes

  5. Chromosomes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Nucleoid has a covering of double membrane envelop. b. The DNA content in a nucleoid is equal to a single DNA molecule. c. The DNA of a nucleus is associated with histone proteins to form cromatin.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this statement is false. In a nucleoid, a covering membrane is absent. It lies free in the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is the largest (in percentage) key element present in the structure of the plasma membrane?

  1. Protein

  2. Phospholipid

  3. Cholesterol

  4. Polysaccharide

  5. Mitochondrion


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option as phospholipids are the largest (75 %) key element present in the structure of the plasma membrane.

In a multicellular organism, the shape of a cell depends upon the

  1. functional adaptations

  2. surface tension

  3. viscosity of the protoplasm

  4. All of the above

  5. mechanical action exerted by the adjoining cells


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option as in a multicellular organism, the shape of a cell depends upon functional adaptations, surface tension, viscosity of the protoplasm and mechanical action exerted by the adjoining cells. In a multicellular organism, the shape of a cell depends upon the mechanical action exerted by the adjoining cells. But, other factors are also responsible like functional adaptations, surface tension, viscosity of the protoplasm, etc.

Which of the following cells are discoidal?

  1. Pigment cells of the skin

  2. Red blood cells

  3. Nerve cells

  4. Smooth muscle fiber cells

  5. Chromatophores


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Red blood cells are discoidal in shape.

______ is the outermost covering in a plant cell.

  1. Nuclear membrane

  2. Vacuole

  3. Plasma membrane

  4. Cell wall

  5. Endoplasmic reticulum


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

Nuclear envelope encloses a space between two nuclear membranes and is connected to a system of membranes called the _____________.

  1. nucleolus

  2. nucleoplasm

  3. chromatin

  4. endoplasmic recticulum

  5. tonoplast


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Nuclear envelope encloses a space between two nuclear membranes and is connected to a system of membranes called the endoplasmic recticulum.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. The process of diffusion can occur only in liquid medium. b. In the process of osmosis, a semi-permeable membrane is required. c. Equilibrium in the free energy of solvent molecules is never achieved in osmosis.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The process of diffusion can occur in any medium, and not only in liquid medium.

The nucleolus, which is not bounded by any membrane, is rich in protein and _______________.

  1. ribosomes

  2. chromatin

  3. DNA

  4. vacuoles

  5. RNA


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the correct option. The nucleolus, which is not bounded by any membrane, is rich in protein and RNA.

The process by which the membrane of a vesicle can fuse with the plasma membrane and extrude its contents to the surrounding medium is called ____________.

  1. phagocytosis

  2. photocytosis

  3. endocytosis

  4. exocytosis

  5. receptor-mediated endocytosis


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option. The process by which the membrane of a vesicle can fuse with the plasma membrane and extrude its contents to the surrounding medium is called exocytosis.

Which of the following constituents has the highest percentage in a cytoplasm?

  1. Carbon

  2. Oxygen

  3. Calcium

  4. Hydrogen

  5. Nitrogen


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option as oxygen has the highest percentage in a cytoplasm. It is 64%.

Secretion is the main function of

  1. golgi apparatus

  2. mitochondria

  3. lysosomes

  4. ribosomes

  5. centrosomes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option as the main function of golgi apparatus is secretion.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Cells divide to produce cells of their own kind as all cells come from pre-existing cells. b. The theory that all the plants and animals are composed of cells and that cell is the basic unit of life was proposed by Purkinje in 1839. c. Plasma membrane allows or permits the entry and exit of some materials in and out of the cell.

  1. Only a

  2. Both a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Both b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

Which of the following functions are performed by a cell with the help of its various membrane-bound organelles?

  1. A cell has to synthesise substances.

  2. It has to secrete cell products.

  3. It has to digest those substances which are taken up by the cell during endocytosis.

  4. It has to generate energy.

  5. All of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the correct option as all of the above are the functions that are performed by a cell with the help of its various membrane-bound organelles.

Which of the following is known as the 'powerhouse' of a cell?

  1. Centrosomes

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Endoplasmic reticulum

  4. Plastids

  5. Peroxisomes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Mitochondria is known as the 'powerhouse' of a cell as they synthesise energy rich compounds (ATP).

Match the following:

 
a. Cell wall 1. A large, centrally located spherical cellular component bounded by two nuclear membranes
b. Cytoplasm 2. The part of cell which occurs between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope
c. Nucleus 3. The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants, but absent in animal cells
  1. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  2. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  3. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1

  4. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  5. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

This is the correct option.

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is false?

  1. Mitochondria occur in the cells of aerobic organisms with the exception of mammalian RBCs.

  2. They are colourless.

  3. They are generally disc-like in the outline.

  4. They liberate energy.

  5. Mitochondria perform oxidation of food.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this is a false statement. The mitochondria is rod-like or sausage shaped.

Match the following ||| |---|---| |a. Plastids|1. They are small and spherical organelles containing powerful oxidative enzymes. | |b. Vacuoles|2. They are self-replicating organelles like the mitochondria. | |c. Peroxisomes|3. They are fluid-filled or solid-filled and membrane bounded organelle.|

  1. a - 2, b - 1, c - 3

  2. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  3. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  4. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1

  5. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Plastids are self-replicating organelles like the mitochondria. Vacuoles are fluid-filled or solid-filled and membrane bounded organelle.Peroxisomes are small and spherical organelles containing powerful oxidative enzymes.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Except the protozoan Euglena, no animal cell possesses plastids. b. Cell wall is absent in an animal cell. c. Animal cells have many simpler units of Golgi apparatus called dictyosomes.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Animal cells have a single highly complex and prominent Golgi apparatus.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Plant cells are larger than animal cells. b. Vacuoles in plant cells are many, small and temporary. c. Plant cells lack centrosome and centrioles.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this is a wrong statement. Most mature plant cells have a permanent and large central sap vacuole.

Which of the following is the site of 'dark reaction' during photosynthesis, that involves chloroplasts?

  1. Granum

  2. Thylakoid

  3. Lamella

  4. Stroma

  5. Ribosome


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Stroma is the site of 'dark reaction' during photosynthesis, that involves chloroplasts. Ribosome is a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesise polypeptides and proteins.

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Chromoplasts are white in colour. b. Leucoplasts can change to other types of plastids. c. Chromoplasts provide colour to organs to attract pollinators and disseminators.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option as this is a false statement. The chromoplasts are the coloured plastids.

Match the following:

 
a. Chromoplasts 1. Green-coloured plastids
b. Chloroplasts 2. Coloured plastids (except green colour)
c. Leucoplasts 3. The colourless plastids
  1. a - 2, b - 1, c - 3

  2. a - 2, b - 3, c - 1

  3. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2

  4. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  5. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

This is the correct option. Chromoplasts are the coloured plastids (except green colour). Chloroplasts are the green-coloured plastids. Leucoplasts are the colourless plastids.

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