Islamic art and architecture often incorporate tessellation, fractal, and symmetry patterns to create intricate and visually appealing designs.

The astrolabe is a complex instrument that allows astronomers to calculate the time, determine the direction of Mecca, and measure the altitude of celestial bodies.

Windcatchers are vertical structures with openings at the top that capture wind and direct it into buildings, providing natural ventilation and cooling.

Tessellation is a form of Islamic art that uses geometric shapes to create intricate and repetitive patterns that cover a surface without gaps or overlaps.

Arches are commonly used in Islamic architecture to create openings, support weight, and add aesthetic appeal to buildings.

Origami is the art of folding paper into intricate shapes and forms, often used in Islamic art to create decorative objects and geometric patterns.

Skylights are openings in the roof of a building that allow natural light and ventilation to enter the interior spaces.

Fractal art is a form of Islamic art that uses mathematical algorithms to create complex and self-similar patterns that repeat at different scales.

Minarets are tall, slender towers attached to mosques from which the call to prayer is made.

Calligraphy is a highly revered art form in Islamic culture, used to transcribe religious texts, decorate manuscripts, and create intricate designs.

Prayer halls are large, open spaces within mosques where Muslims gather for daily prayers and religious ceremonies.

Mosaic is a form of Islamic art that uses small pieces of colored tiles or glass to create intricate patterns and designs on walls, floors, and other surfaces.

Domes are hemispherical or bulbous structures that are used to cover large spaces and create a sense of grandeur and monumentality in Islamic architecture.

Knotwork is a form of Islamic art that uses knots and interlacing lines to create intricate and decorative patterns.

Vaults are arched structures that are used to cover large spaces and create a sense of flow and continuity between different areas of a building.