The chromatic scale is a 12-note scale that includes all 12 pitches within an octave. The interval pattern of the chromatic scale is half step, whole step, half step, whole step, ... and so on.

The octatonic scale is an 8-note scale that includes all the pitches of the chromatic scale except for two adjacent notes. The interval pattern of the octatonic scale is whole step, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, half step.

The chromatic scale includes all 12 pitches within an octave, while the octatonic scale excludes two adjacent notes. This difference in the number of notes gives the two scales different interval patterns and different uses in music.

The chromatic scale is a 12-note scale that includes all 12 pitches within an octave. The example given in the question, C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B, is a chromatic scale because it includes all 12 pitches within the octave from C to B.

The octatonic scale is an 8-note scale that includes all the pitches of the chromatic scale except for two adjacent notes. The example given in the question, C, D, E, F#, G, A, B♭, C, is an octatonic scale because it includes all the pitches of the chromatic scale except for F and G.

The chromatic scale is often used in music to create tension and release. This is because the chromatic scale includes notes that are not in the key of the music, which can create a sense of dissonance. When the music then returns to the key, the dissonance is resolved, creating a sense of release.

The octatonic scale is often used in music to create a sense of mystery or intrigue. This is because the octatonic scale has a unique sound that is not often heard in Western music. The octatonic scale can also be used to create a sense of movement, as it can be used to create melodic lines that move quickly and smoothly.

Arnold Schoenberg is known for his use of the chromatic scale in his music. Schoenberg was a composer of the early 20th century who is considered to be one of the founders of atonality. Atonality is a type of music that does not have a key center, and the chromatic scale is often used in atonal music.

Olivier Messiaen is known for his use of the octatonic scale in his music. Messiaen was a French composer of the 20th century who is considered to be one of the most important composers of his time. Messiaen's music is often characterized by its use of unusual scales and rhythms, and the octatonic scale is one of his favorite scales.

The chromatic scale is often used in jazz improvisation because it allows improvisers to create melodic lines that are both interesting and harmonically correct. The chromatic scale can be used to create tension and release, to modulate to a new key, and to add color and interest to a melody.

The octatonic scale is sometimes used in classical music, although it is more common in jazz and popular music. Some classical composers who have used the octatonic scale include Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók, and Dmitri Shostakovich.

The chromatic scale in a major key includes all 12 pitches within the octave, starting from the tonic of the key. In the key of C major, the chromatic scale is C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B.

The octatonic scale in a minor key includes all the pitches of the chromatic scale except for two adjacent notes. In the key of C minor, the octatonic scale is C, D, E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭, C.

The chromatic scale starting from the note D is D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B, C, C#. This is because the chromatic scale includes all 12 pitches within an octave, starting from the given note.

The octatonic scale starting from the note G♭ is G♭, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭, F, G♭. This is because the octatonic scale includes all the pitches of the chromatic scale except for two adjacent notes, and the two notes that are excluded from the octatonic scale starting from G♭ are G and G#.