Islamic art began to flourish in the 7th century, following the rise of Islam and the establishment of the Islamic caliphates.

In its early stages, Islamic art was primarily used for religious expression, adorning mosques and other religious spaces with intricate designs and calligraphy.

Arabesque is a distinctive artistic technique commonly found in Islamic art, featuring intricate geometric and floral patterns that often intertwine and repeat.

Islamic calligraphy was primarily used for religious instruction, transcribing and illuminating sacred texts like the Quran and conveying religious messages.

Minarets are tall, slender towers typically found in Islamic mosques, serving as a visual symbol of the mosque and a means for calling Muslims to prayer.

The Alhambra Palace is renowned for its exquisite blend of Islamic and Christian architectural styles, reflecting the cultural exchange between different civilizations during the Reconquista period.

Islamic art significantly influenced European art during the Middle Ages primarily through trade routes, as Islamic goods and artistic techniques were brought to Europe by merchants and travelers.

European artists adopted the technique of stained glass windows from Islamic art, which involved using colored glass pieces to create intricate designs and patterns.

Islamic art's emphasis on geometric patterns and designs contributed to the advancement of trigonometry, as Islamic scholars made significant contributions to the field.

Islamic scholars made valuable contributions to astronomy, including the creation of accurate star charts and observations that aided in the understanding of celestial bodies.

Ibn al-Haytham, also known as Alhazen, was a renowned Islamic scholar who made significant contributions to optics and the study of light, including the concept of the camera obscura.

Islamic art played a crucial role in stimulating intellectual exchange between different cultures, as it provided a common ground for scholars, artists, and intellectuals to share knowledge and ideas.

Islamic scholars and artisans made significant contributions to the development of scientific instruments, including the design of medical tools and surgical instruments.

Abd al-Rahman III, the Umayyad caliph of Cordoba, was renowned for his patronage of art and architecture, contributing to the construction of magnificent structures like the Great Mosque of Cordoba.

The Taj Mahal is renowned as a symbol of love and devotion, as it was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.