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Human Physiology

Description: This is specifically designed for mediacl aspirants.It is based on Human physiology.
Number of Questions: 15
Created by:
Tags: Basal nucleus of Meynert Substantia nigra Mammillary bodies Subthalamic nucleus Right posterior parietal cortex Central Nervous System Conduction of Nerve Impulse Generation and Transmission of Nerve Impulse AID and Cancer -- Causes and Control AIDS Cancer Inheritance Pattern of Haemophilia and Blood Groups in Human Beings Genetics and Evolution
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Which of the following statements regarding the development of the nervous system in humans is not true?

  1. The neural crest gives rise to the dorsal root ganglia.

  2. The nervous system develops with the formation of the neural plate.

  3. The folding of the neural tube forms the mature central nervous system (CNS).

  4. The CSF is formed continuously by the choroid plexus.

  5. Neurogenesis stops after complete fetus development.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Neurogenesis continues throughout life at certain sites in the adult brain.

What is Enteric nervous system?

  1. It is a complicated assimilate network of neurons in the wall of the gut.

  2. It is controlled by the CNS

  3. It is made up of Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses.

  4. It regulates the local activity of the gut.

  5. The enteric nervous system develops from neural crest.

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The enteric nervous system gets inputs from the parasympathetic and sympathetic parts of the ANS and the gastrointestinal tract also receives a plentiful supply of afferent nerve fibre via vagus nerves and spinal afferent pathways. 

A 43-year-old lady has some facial weakness, a poor cough and weakness of the arms and legs with no reflexes and a loss of feeling to light touch and pin-prick to the wrist and ankle. She must be suffering from

  1. motor neurone disease

  2. Guillain Barre syndrome

  3. spinal cord compression

  4. myasthenia gravis

  5. Campylobacter jejuni

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Guillain Barre syndrome show evidence of slowing of nerve conduction as the condition is an acute demyelinating inflammatory neuropathy affecting all peripheral nerves as well as some of the cranial nerves.

Which of the following sensory pathways carries light touch and proprioception?

  1. Medial lemniscus

  2. Lateral lemniscus

  3. Spinothalamic tract

  4. Chorda tympani

  5. Corticospinal tract

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The medial lemniscus is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory proprioceptive or touch information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus.

Damage to which structure may cause a deficit in memory?

  1. Basal nucleus of Meynert

  2. Substantia nigra

  3. Mammillary bodies

  4. Subthalamic nucleus

  5. Right posterior parietal cortex

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Damage to the  right posterior parietal cortex can produce a variety of sensorimotor deficits encompassing  deficits in the perception and memory of spatial relationships, in accurate reaching and grasping, in the control of eye movement and in attention.

Which of the following statements regarding nerve conduction and synaptic integration is incorrect?

  1. The synaptic inputs are then associated with the postsynaptic cell.

  2. The action potential on entering the synapse causes the release of neurotransmitters.

  3. The binding of neurotransmitters with the pre and post synaptic membranes cause the change in membrane potential.

  4. In myelinated neurons, the action potential acts at node of Ranvier .

  5. Neurotransmitters gets activated at the synaptic junction.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Neurotransmitters gets inactivated at the synaptic junction by enzymatic degradation or selective uptake mechanisms.

Which of the following does not characterise the blood supply of the central nervous system?

  1. The vertebrobasilar system which constitutes the anterior circulation.

  2. At the core of the brain, the arteries form the circle of Willis.

  3. Abnormalities of blood flow in the carotid arteries frequently leads to the problems in the cerebral hemisphere .

  4. Abnormalities of blood flow in the vertebral arteries frequently leads to the defects in brainstem, cerebellum and posterior parts of the brain.

  5. Thrombus and emboli are the chief causes of blood flow obstructions in the brain.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

It is the incorrect statement. The carotid arteries form the anterior circulation to the brain, whereas the vertebral arteries merge to become the basilar artery (so called vertebrobasilar system), which constitutes the posterior circulation.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the regulation of calcium and phosphate?

  1. Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblasts.

  2. Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut .

  3. Parathyroid hormone promotes phosphate excretion.

  4. Parathyroid hormone is released when there is fall in ionised calcium in the blood.

  5. Parathyroid hormone decelerates vitamin D production in the kidney.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Parathyroid hormone promotes vitamin D production in the kidney.

Select the incorrect statement regarding the spinal cord.

  1. Sensory information on pain and temperature is delivered by the spinothalamic system .

  2. Sensory information is transmitted up the dorsal column system.

  3. The corticospinal tract is mainly implicated with regular distal motor control.

  4. The cervical spinal cord stimulates the arms.

  5. The spinal cord is highly organized with decending sensory pathways.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

The spinal cord is highly organised with ascending sensory pathways, descending motor tracts, motor neurones that strengthen, muscles and interneurones that commands both sensory and motor information.

Which of the following thalamic nuclei is most associated with the visual system?

  1. LGN nucleus

  2. MGN nucleus

  3. VAN nucleus

  4. MD nucleus

  5. VPL nucleus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

MGN stands for the medial geniculate nucleus. It is a vital part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic communication between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.

Deletions of HBA1 and HBA2 genes pretend to govern most cases of

  1. sickle cell anemia

  2. hemophilia A

  3. thalassemia

  4. porphyria

  5. chronic myeloid leukemia

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Thalassemia is an inherited disease of faulty synthesis of hemoglobin. It is a barely detectable abnormality of blood, to severe or fatal anemia deletions of HBA1 and  HBA2 genes pretend to  govern  most cases of the thalassemia.

Which among the following does not characterise metabolic acidosis?

  1. In metabolic acidosis, pH is low.

  2. The anion gap is the calculated difference between the measured cations and the measured anions .

  3. An increased anion gap metabolic acidosis indicates the accumulation ketoacids or lactic acid.

  4. To maintain electroneutrality , the level of cations must be decreased.

  5. A normal anion gap metabolic acidosis indicates loss of bicarbonate.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

As electroneutrality is always maintained, the level of cations such as potassium and sodium ions must be increased, resulting in a raised anion gap.

Which of the following types of cancer is caused by chromosome translocations involving the Myc gene?

  1. Burkitt lymphoma

  2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia

  3. Neurofibromatosis

  4. Retinoblastoma

  5. Tuberous sclerosis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Burkitt lymphoma results from chromosome translocations involving  the Myc gene. The classic chromosome translocation in Burkitt lymophoma involves chromosome 8, the site of the Myc gene.

Which of the following can cause of hypercalcemia in an individual?

  1. Primary hyperparathryoidism

  2. Secondary hyperparathyroidism

  3. Hypovitaminosis of vitamin D

  4. Chovstek's syndrome

  5. Acute pancreatitis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Excess parathyroid hormone raises plasma calcium levels. In primary hyper parathyroidism there is a primary increase in parathyroid hormone and so a rise in plasma calcium.

Aditi is a patient with substantial plasma hyperphosphatemia. Which of the following may not be true in her case?

  1. The most likely cause is renal impairment.

  2. Reduction of dietary intake of phosphate may be helpful in renal failure condition.

  3. Soft tissue calcification may occur.

  4. Cell lysis is a possible cause.

  5. Dialysis cannot remove phosphate and is of no benefit.

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

In renal failure dialysis does remove phosphate. Thus, it is highly recommended.

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